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Vol. 32. Issue 2.
Pages 79-84 (February 1996)
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Vol. 32. Issue 2.
Pages 79-84 (February 1996)
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Fatiga muscular periférica y respuesta ventilatoria al esfuerzo en la limitación crónica al flujo aéreo (LCFA)
Peripheral muscle fatigue and ventilatory response to exercise in chronic air flow limitation
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R. Güell1, R. Casan
Departamento de Neumología. Hospital de la Santa Creu i de Sant Pau. Barcelona
M. Giménez*
* Laboratoire de Physiologie de l’Exercise Musculaire. Unité 14 INSERM. Nancy. Francia
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El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la fatiga muscular periférica y el tipo de patrón ventilatorio adoptado en un grupo de 28 individuos (12 sanos y 16 con LCFA [limitación crónica al flujo aéreo]) durante la realización de una prueba de esfuerzo progresiva. El nivel de esfuerzo alcanzado por los pacientes fue significativamente inferior al de los sanos (107 ± 30 W frente a 234 ± 44 W), la ventilación minuto (VE) fue 54 ± 15 1/min con una evolución lineal sin punto de rotura, mostrando una respiración taquipneica con alta frecuencia (f) y bajo volumen circulante (VT) en los pacientes. El cociente T1/Ttot no se modificó durante el esfuerzo en ninguno de los 2 grupos. La presión de oclusión (P0,1) fue siempre más elevada en el grupo de pacientes (p < 0,001) mientras que el flujo medio inspiratorio fue superior en reposo y a niveles medios de esfuerzo (p < 0,05) pero significativamente inferior a niveles altos de esfuerzo (1,95 ± 0,6 frente a 3,98 ± 1 l.s-1). La fatiga muscular, definida por la caída del índice H/L en la electromiografía, apareció en 11/12 vasos (H/L: 71 ± 11%) y en 9/16 pacientes (H/L: 67 ± 17%). No existían diferencias físicas entre los 2 grupos de pacientes (con y sin fatiga). Los pacientes con fatiga mostraron un grado de obstrucción más moderado (FEV, 68 ± 12% frente a 42 ± 13% v. referencia) con una impedancia de vías aéreas inferior (p < 0,001), menor hipoxia (SaO2 91,3% frente a 87%), y una mejor respuesta ventilatoria al ejercicio (V,61 ± 14 frente a 45 ± 10 1/min) con un flujo medio inspiratorio superior (2,25 ± 0,54 frente a 1,57 ± 0,54 l.s-1) a pesar de no existir diferencias en la P0,1. La causa limitante al esfuerzo en la LCFA fue la limitación ventilatoria, aunque la fatiga muscular apareció en el 53% de los pacientes y éstos presentaron un menor grado de obstrucción y una mejor respuesta ventilatoria al ejercicio.

Palabras clave:
LCFA
Ejercicio
Patrón ventilatorio
Fatiga muscular periférica

We aimed to analyze peripheral muscle fatigue and ventilatory pattern in a group of 28 individuals (12 health and 16 with chronic air flow limitation) performing incremental exercise. The level of exercise reached was significantly less for patients than for healthy subjects (107 ± 30 W vs. 234 ± 44 W). Minute ventilation (VE) was 54 ± 15 1/min evolving linearly with no breaking pint, and the respiration pattern was tachypneic with high frequency (f) and low circulating volumen (VT) in pattients. The ration T1/Ttot did not change during exercise in either of the groups. Occlusion pressure (P0,1) was always higher in the patient group (p < 0.001) while mean inspiratory flow was higher at rest and at modérate levels of exercise (p < 0.05) but significantly lower at high levéis (1.95 ± 0.6 vs. 3.98 ± 1 l.s-1). Muscle fatigue, defined as the fall in the H/L index in the electromyogram, appeared in 11/12 healthy subjects (H/L: 71 ± 11%) and in 9/16 patients (H/L: 67 ± 17%). There were no physical differences between the 2 groups of patients (those with and without fatigue). Patients with fatigue showed a more moderate degree of obstruction (FEV, 68 ± 12% vs. 42 ± 13% v. ref) with less airways impedance (p < 0.001) and hypoxia (SaO2 91.3% vs. 87%), and a better ventilatory response to exercise (VE 61 ± 14 vs. 45 ± 10 1/min) with a higher mean inspiratory flow (2.25 ± 0.54 vs. 1.57 ± 0.54 l.s-1) in spite of there being no differences in P0,1. The restricting factor was ventilatory limitation, although muscle fatigue appeared in 53% of the patients. Patients who experienced muscle fatigue had less obstruction and better ventilatory response to exercise.

Key words:
Chronic air flow limitation
Exercise
Ventilatory pattern
Peripheral muscle fatigue
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Copyright © 1996. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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