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Vol. 36. Issue 10.
Pages 545-550 (November 2000)
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Vol. 36. Issue 10.
Pages 545-550 (November 2000)
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Estado actual de la ventilación mecánica domiciliaria en España: resultados de una encuesta de ámbito nacional
Home mechanical ventilation in Spain today: results of a national survey
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P. de Lucas Ramos*, J.M. Rodríguez González-Moro, A. Santa-Cruz Siminiani, J.M. Cubillo Marcos
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Madrid
L. Paz González
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital del Perpetuo Socorro. Albacete
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La ventilación mecánica domiciliaria constituye una modalidad de tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria crónica para aquellos pacientes en situación clínica estable que precisan un soporte ventilatorio parcial o total. Con el objetivo de conocer el estado de la ventilación mecánica domiciliaria en España, se envió una encuesta a los servicios de neumología de todos los hospitales de la red sanitaria pública, cerrándose la recogida de datos en abril de 1999. Se han obtenido respuestas de 43 hospitales que pertenecen a 14 comunidades autónomas. La ventilación mecánica domiciliaria se inició en 1987 y el número total de pacientes actualmente en ventilación se eleva a 1.821. Los diagnósticos corresponden a enfermedad restrictiva toracógena en el 44%, enfermedades neuromusculares en el 25%, síndrome de hipoventilación-obesidad en el 15%, EPOC en el 9% y otras enfermedades en el 7%. De los 1.821 pacientes, 856 utilizan respiradores volumétricos y 965 diferentes modelos de soporte de presión. En cuanto a la forma de conexión al respirador, un 90% lo hacen mediante máscara nasal, un 6% a través de traqueotomía, un 2% utilizan máscaras faciales y menos de un 1% a través de piezas bucales. En conclusión, la ventilación mecánica domiciliaria se encuentra ampliamente introducida en nuestro país, siendo la forma más habitual la ventilación no invasiva mediante máscara nasal. Además de las indicaciones clásicas, enfermedades de la caja torácica y neuromusculares, otros procesos como el síndrome de hipoventilación-obesidad y la EPOC son causa de indicación de ventilación mecánica domiciliaria.

Palabras clave:
Ventilación mecánica domiciliaria
Epidemiología
Insuficiencia respiratoria crónica

Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is used to treat chronic respiratory insufficiency in patients who are clinically stable and require partial or total support ventilation. To determine how HMV is being used in Spain, we mailed a questionnaire to the respiratory medicine departments of all hospitals in the public health system. The closing date for receipt of responses was April 1999. Forty-three hospitals in 14 autonomous communities of Spain responded. At the time of the survey, 1,821 patients were using HMV, which had been introduced in 1987. Volumetric respirations were being used by 856 patients and various models for delivering support pressure were being used by 965. Nasal masks connected to respirators were beign used by 90%, while 6% were ventilated through a tracheotomy, 2% through face masks and fewer than 1% trough mouth devices. In conclusion, HMV has been widely applied in Spain and non invasive ventilation is usually provided through a face mask. HMV is prescribed for the usual reasons (chest and neuromuscular diseases) and for such conditions as hypoventilation due to obesity and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Key words:
Home mechanical ventilation
Epidemiology
Chronic respiratory insufficiency
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