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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica &#40;EPOC&#41; es una causa frecuente de morbimortalidad en todo el mundo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a>&#46; Durante el curso de su enfermedad&#44; los pacientes con EPOC pueden experimentar agudizaciones &#40;definidas como un empeoramiento agudo de los s&#237;ntomas respiratorios que obliga a intensificar el tratamiento&#41; que en ocasiones requieren hospitalizaci&#243;n&#44; aumentan el riesgo de agudizaciones futuras y empeoran su pron&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Algunas enfermedades&#44; como la insuficiencia cardiaca&#44; el neumot&#243;rax o la tromboembolia de pulm&#243;n &#40;TEP&#41;&#44; pueden simular &#40;o coexistir con&#41; una agudizaci&#243;n de la EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46; Los estudios publicados hasta el momento han mostrado resultados discordantes respecto a la prevalencia de la TEP en este grupo de pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;8</span></a>&#46; Un estudio franc&#233;s&#44; que incluy&#243; a 211 pacientes con agudizaci&#243;n de EPOC de causa desconocida&#44; encontr&#243; una prevalencia de TEP del 21&#44;8&#37;&#44; el 95&#37; de ellas de localizaci&#243;n central o segmentaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#59; sin embargo&#44; Couturaud et al&#46; han comunicado una prevalencia de TEP del 5&#44;9&#37; entre 740 pacientes con una agudizaci&#243;n de EPOC que requiri&#243; ingreso hospitalario<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Recientemente&#44; el ensayo cl&#237;nico multic&#233;ntrico SLICE &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Significance of Pulmonary Embolism in COPD Exacerbations</span>&#41; evalu&#243; la eficacia y seguridad de la b&#250;squeda activa de la TEP en pacientes que requirieron ingreso hospitalario por agudizaci&#243;n de su EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; En este ensayo cl&#237;nico&#44; la b&#250;squeda activa de la TEP no redujo de manera estad&#237;sticamente significativa el evento primario compuesto de enfermedad tromboemb&#243;lica venosa &#40;ETEV&#41;&#44; reingreso por EPOC o muerte por cualquier causa en los tres meses posteriores a la aleatorizaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aunque los resultados del ensayo SLICE no demostraron un beneficio cl&#237;nico de la b&#250;squeda activa de la TEP en estos pacientes&#44; algunos estudios sugieren que la tomograf&#237;a computarizada &#40;TC&#41; tor&#225;cica es m&#225;s sensible que la radiograf&#237;a de t&#243;rax para el diagn&#243;stico de comorbilidades que simulan una agudizaci&#243;n de la EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; y las gu&#237;as de pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica recomiendan la identificaci&#243;n del desencadenante de la agudizaci&#243;n para un tratamiento adecuado<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#59; sin embargo&#44; a&#250;n no se ha demostrado que la identificaci&#243;n de una comorbilidad en la TC de t&#243;rax y su tratamiento espec&#237;fico mejoren el pron&#243;stico de estos pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de este suban&#225;lisis fue el de calcular la frecuencia de pacientes hospitalizados por agudizaci&#243;n de EPOC en los que la TC de t&#243;rax proporcion&#243; un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP&#44; y determinar el significado pron&#243;stico del diagn&#243;stico y tratamiento espec&#237;fico de estas comorbilidades&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">M&#233;todo</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Dise&#241;o y poblaci&#243;n de estudio</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este trabajo es un suban&#225;lisis del ensayo cl&#237;nico multic&#233;ntrico SLICE&#44; cuyo protocolo y an&#225;lisis principal ya han sido publicados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11</span></a>&#46; A modo de resumen&#44; SLICE aleatoriz&#243; pacientes consecutivos que requirieron hospitalizaci&#243;n por una agudizaci&#243;n de su EPOC a la b&#250;squeda activa de la TEP o al manejo convencional seg&#250;n los protocolos locales y las gu&#237;as de pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica&#46; La b&#250;squeda activa de la TEP consisti&#243; inicialmente en la realizaci&#243;n de un d&#237;mero D&#46; Un d&#237;mero D negativo &#40;seg&#250;n el punto de corte de cada centro participante&#41; excluy&#243; el diagn&#243;stico de la TEP&#46; Para los pacientes con un d&#237;mero D positivo&#44; se realiz&#243; una angioTC de t&#243;rax en las primeras 12 horas despu&#233;s de la aleatorizaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; Una angioTC negativa excluy&#243; el diagn&#243;stico de la TEP&#44; mientras que una angioTC positiva estableci&#243; la indicaci&#243;n de tratamiento anticoagulante&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para este estudio se incluyeron todos los pacientes del grupo intervenci&#243;n del ensayo SLICE que recibieron una angioTC de t&#243;rax con resultado negativo para TEP &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; TC normal o TC con hallazgo de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Variables analizadas y definici&#243;n de diagn&#243;sticos alternativos</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el momento de la aleatorizaci&#243;n se recopilaron datos demogr&#225;ficos&#44; cl&#237;nicos y anal&#237;ticos que incluyeron&#44; entre otros&#44; edad&#44; sexo&#44; peso&#44; talla&#44; comorbilidades &#40;c&#225;ncer &#91;no de pulm&#243;n&#93;&#44; cardiopat&#237;a isqu&#233;mica&#44; insuficiencia cardiaca&#44; apnea del sue&#241;o&#41;&#44; factores de riesgo para ETEV &#40;cirug&#237;a previa&#44; inmovilizaci&#243;n&#44; antecedentes de ETEV&#41;&#44; gravedad de la EPOC&#44; n&#250;mero de agudizaciones en el &#250;ltimo a&#241;o&#44; tratamiento para la fase estable de la EPOC&#44; s&#237;ntomas y signos cl&#237;nicos &#40;frecuencia cardiaca&#44; tensi&#243;n arterial&#44; saturaci&#243;n de la hemoglobina por el ox&#237;geno&#41; y resultados anal&#237;ticos en el momento del ingreso &#40;hemoglobina&#44; leucocitos&#44; plaquetas&#44; creatinina s&#233;rica&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se defini&#243; la infecci&#243;n bronquial en la angioTC de t&#243;rax como la presencia de engrosamiento de las paredes bronquiales&#44; n&#243;dulos centrolobulillares y signo de &#225;rbol en brote&#46; Se hizo un diagn&#243;stico de neumon&#237;a en los pacientes con patr&#243;n alveolar de distribuci&#243;n lobar o segmentaria&#44; que presentaron buena respuesta cl&#237;nica y radiol&#243;gica a la antibioterapia de amplio espectro&#46; La insuficiencia cardiaca se diagnostic&#243; en presencia de afectaci&#243;n intersticial &#40;l&#237;neas de Kerley&#41;&#44; patr&#243;n alveolar o en vidrio deslustrado de predominio en zonas declives y derrame pleural bilateral&#46; Se exigi&#243; confirmaci&#243;n histol&#243;gica de los n&#243;dulos y masas pulmonares para el diagn&#243;stico de c&#225;ncer&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Episodios analizados</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La variable principal de resultado fue la compuesta por el reingreso por EPOC o la mortalidad por cualquier causa a 90 d&#237;as&#46; Las variables secundarias fueron cada uno de los componentes individuales de la variable primaria&#44; las ocurrencias o recurrencias tromb&#243;ticas no fatales y la duraci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">An&#225;lisis estad&#237;stico</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los datos continuos se presentan como media<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar o mediana &#91;intervalo intercuart&#237;lico&#93;&#44; y los datos categ&#243;ricos&#44; como valores absolutos y proporciones &#40;&#37;&#41;&#46; Las diferencias entre grupos se comprobaron utilizando la prueba de la t de Student o la prueba de suma de rangos de Wilcoxon para variables continuas y la prueba de la &#967;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> o la prueba exacta de Fisher para variables categ&#243;ricas&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Para evaluar la posible asociaci&#243;n independiente entre la presencia de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo en la TC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> TC normal&#41; y la variable principal de resultado&#44; se construy&#243; un modelo de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica multivariable<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Se especific&#243; un modelo m&#225;ximo de 10 variables que incluy&#243; aquellas que mostraron una relaci&#243;n univariable con el resultado &#40;P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05&#41; o que se consideraron cl&#237;nicamente relevantes en funci&#243;n de la opini&#243;n de expertos y de la experiencia publicada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#46; Las variables fueron&#58; a&#41; edad&#59; b&#41; sexo&#59; c&#41; gravedad de la EPOC&#59; e&#41; insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva &#40;ICC&#41;&#59; f&#41; c&#225;ncer&#59; g&#41; presencia de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo en la TC&#59; h&#41; inmovilizaci&#243;n&#59; i&#41; frecuencia cardiaca&#59; j&#41; presi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica&#59; y k&#41; saturaci&#243;n de la hemoglobina por el ox&#237;geno&#46; El an&#225;lisis fue construido partiendo del modelo m&#225;ximo y por exclusi&#243;n &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">backward</span>&#41; de variables&#46; De las 10 variables seleccionadas&#44; se mantuvieron en el modelo final aquellas que modificaban m&#225;s del 10&#37; el coeficiente de la variable evaluada &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; presencia de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo en la TC&#41; cuando eran eliminadas de dicho modelo&#46; Se calcularon las odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; con sus intervalos de confianza &#40;IC&#41; del 95&#37;&#46; Secundariamente&#44; repetimos los an&#225;lisis para evaluar el significado pron&#243;stico de la presencia &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> ausencia&#41; de cualquier diagn&#243;stico&#44; incluido el de la TEP&#44; en la TC de t&#243;rax&#46; Dado que no se realiz&#243; ajuste por multiplicidad&#44; los an&#225;lisis para las variables secundarias deben considerarse solamente exploratorios&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se consider&#243; indicativo de significaci&#243;n estad&#237;stica un valor de P bilateral &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;05 en todos los an&#225;lisis&#46; En los an&#225;lisis se emple&#243; el paquete estad&#237;stico Stata&#44; versi&#243;n 13&#46;1 &#40;StataCorp LLC&#59; College Station&#44; Texas&#44; Estados Unidos&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Resultados</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre septiembre de 2014 y julio de 2020 evaluamos a 1&#46;003 pacientes&#44; de los que un total de 746 &#40;74&#44;4&#37;&#41; fueron aleatorizados&#46; De los 369 pacientes del grupo intervenci&#243;n con un resultado de d&#237;mero D&#44; se realiz&#243; una TC de t&#243;rax a 192 de ellos&#44; con un resultado positivo para TEP en 17 &#40;8&#44;9&#37;&#41;&#46; Este an&#225;lisis evalu&#243; los 175 pacientes del grupo intervenci&#243;n que recibieron una TC de t&#243;rax con un resultado negativo para TEP &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; TC normal o TC con diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP&#41;&#46; La edad media de estos pacientes fue 72&#44;8 &#40;9&#44;7&#41; a&#241;os y un 78&#44;9&#37; fueron hombres&#46;</p><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Diagn&#243;sticos en la TC de t&#243;rax y cambios en el tratamiento</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La TC de t&#243;rax objetiv&#243; hallazgos sugestivos de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en 133 pacientes &#40;76&#44;0&#37;&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 69&#44;0-82&#44;1&#37;&#41;&#46; De ellos&#44; 84 &#40;48&#44;0&#37;&#41; fueron diagnosticados de infecci&#243;n bronquial aguda&#44; 13 &#40;7&#44;4&#37;&#41; de c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#44; 10 &#40;5&#44;7&#37;&#41; de insuficiencia cardiaca&#44; 8 &#40;4&#44;6&#37;&#41; de neumon&#237;a&#44; 18 &#40;10&#44;3&#37;&#41; de otros diagn&#243;sticos &#40;bronquiectasias 5&#44; fibrosis 4&#44; derrame pleural 3&#44; hipertensi&#243;n pulmonar 2&#44; derrame peric&#225;rdico 2&#44; neumonitis por hipersensibilidad 1&#44; neumon&#237;a organizada 1&#41;&#44; y en 42 &#40;24&#44;0&#37;&#41; pacientes la TC de t&#243;rax fue normal&#46; El diagn&#243;stico de estas comorbilidades supuso un cambio en el tratamiento de 31 pacientes &#40;31 de 133 pacientes&#59; 23&#44;3&#37;&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 16&#44;4-31&#44;4&#37;&#41;&#58; diur&#233;ticos en 10 pacientes&#44; antibi&#243;ticos en 9&#44; corticoides sist&#233;micos en 7 y tratamiento para c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n en 5 pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas&#44; cl&#237;nicas y anal&#237;ticas se muestran en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Se observa que no hubo diferencias significativas entre el grupo de pacientes con un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en la TC y el grupo de pacientes con TC normal&#46; Los pacientes con un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en la TC presentaban con m&#225;s frecuencia esputo purulento en el momento de la agudizaci&#243;n &#40;8&#44;3&#37; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> 0&#37;&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;07&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Pron&#243;stico</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El evento primario se produjo en 55 &#40;31&#44;4&#37;&#59; IC 95&#37;&#44; 24&#44;6-38&#44;9&#37;&#41; de los 175 pacientes durante los primeros 90 d&#237;as de seguimiento &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a>&#41;&#46; Cuarenta y cinco pacientes &#40;25&#44;7&#37;&#41; reingresaron por agudizaci&#243;n de su EPOC y 16 pacientes &#40;9&#44;1&#37;&#41; fallecieron&#44; de los cuales 6 hab&#237;an reingresado previamente&#46; El evento primario se produjo en 40 de los 133 pacientes &#40;30&#44;1&#37;&#41; con un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en la TC de t&#243;rax&#44; y en 15 de los 42 pacientes &#40;35&#44;7&#37;&#41; con TC normal &#40;diferencia 5&#44;6&#37;&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; -10&#44;6-23&#44;6&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> muestra la distribuci&#243;n de eventos seg&#250;n la presencia o ausencia de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en la TC de t&#243;rax&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el an&#225;lisis univariable&#44; la edad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75 a&#241;os &#40;OR&#58;1&#44;88&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;99-3&#44;59&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;06&#41;&#44; el c&#225;ncer &#40;OR&#58; 4&#44;78&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 1&#44;15-19&#44;87&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;03&#41; y la inmovilizaci&#243;n de causa m&#233;dica &#40;OR&#58;1&#44;99&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;96-4&#44;16&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;07&#41; incrementaron significativamente el riesgo de la variable combinada en los 90 d&#237;as posteriores a la aleatorizaci&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable&#44; el hallazgo de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en la TC de t&#243;rax &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> TC normal&#41; no se asoci&#243; de forma independiente a la variable combinada durante los primeros 90 d&#237;as de seguimiento &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleInf">ajustado</span>&#58; 0&#44;64&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;30-1&#44;38&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;26&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Tras ajustar por la edad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75 a&#241;os&#44; el c&#225;ncer y la inmovilizaci&#243;n de causa m&#233;dica&#44; el hallazgo de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en la TC de t&#243;rax &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> TC normal&#41; no se asoci&#243; de manera independiente a la mortalidad por cualquier causa &#40;diferencia 12&#44;0&#37;&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 0&#44;6-19&#44;1&#37;&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;06&#41; ni al reingreso por EPOC &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleInf">ajustado</span>&#58; 0&#44;48&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;22-1&#44;03&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;06&#41; en los primeros 90 d&#237;as despu&#233;s de la aleatorizaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">An&#225;lisis secundario</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Secundariamente analizamos el significado pron&#243;stico de la presencia &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> ausencia &#91;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; TC normal&#93;&#41; de cualquier diagn&#243;stico&#44; incluido el de la TEP&#44; en la TC de t&#243;rax&#46; Se objetiv&#243; un hallazgo espec&#237;fico en la TC de 150 pacientes &#40;150 de 192 pacientes&#59; 78&#44;1&#37;&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 71&#44;6-83&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; El hallazgo de un diagn&#243;stico espec&#237;fico en la TC de t&#243;rax no se asoci&#243; de manera independiente a la variable combinada &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleInf">ajustado</span>&#58; 0&#44;61&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;29-1&#44;30&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;20&#41;&#44; a la muerte por cualquier causa &#40;diferencia 11&#44;3&#37;&#59; IC del 95&#37;&#44; 0&#44;0-17&#44;8&#37;&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;07&#41; ni al reingreso por EPOC &#40;OR<span class="elsevierStyleInf">ajustado</span>&#58; 0&#44;48&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;22-1&#44;03&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;06&#41; durante los primeros 90 d&#237;as de seguimiento&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En este suban&#225;lisis del ensayo cl&#237;nico SLICE se objetiv&#243; la presencia de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en tres cuartas partes de los pacientes con agudizaci&#243;n de EPOC que recibieron una TAC de t&#243;rax&#46; Aunque la presencia de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP supuso un cambio del tratamiento en el 23&#37; de los casos&#44; no se asoci&#243; a una reducci&#243;n de la mortalidad o del reingreso por EPOC durante el seguimiento&#46; Adicionalmente&#44; cuando analizamos el efecto de cualquier diagn&#243;stico espec&#237;fico &#40;incluida la TEP&#41; en la TC de t&#243;rax sobre el pron&#243;stico de estos pacientes&#44; los resultados fueron similares&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Varios estudios han evaluado la frecuencia de diagn&#243;sticos alternativos entre pacientes a los que se realiz&#243; una TC de t&#243;rax por sospecha de TEP&#46; La proporci&#243;n de diagn&#243;sticos alternativos ha oscilado entre un 25 y un 52&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15&#8211;18</span></a>&#46; Un estudio prospectivo incluy&#243; 203 pacientes a los que se les realiz&#243; una TC de t&#243;rax por sospecha de TEP<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46; Se encontr&#243; un diagn&#243;stico alternativo en 88 pacientes &#40;43&#37;&#41;&#44; pero solo en 10 pacientes &#40;4&#44;9&#37;&#41; este diagn&#243;stico tuvo consecuencias terap&#233;uticas&#46; La informaci&#243;n sobre la utilidad de la TC de t&#243;rax en pacientes hospitalizados por una agudizaci&#243;n de EPOC es mucho m&#225;s escasa&#46; Un estudio retrospectivo&#44; que incluy&#243; 202 pacientes hospitalizados por una agudizaci&#243;n de EPOC&#44; encontr&#243; un diagn&#243;stico espec&#237;fico en el 42&#44;1&#37; de las TC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#46; Aunque estos hallazgos produjeron un cambio de tratamiento en el 10&#44;9&#37; de los pacientes&#44; no hubo diferencias en la duraci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria ni en la necesidad de cuidados intensivos entre los dos grupos&#46; Nuestros resultados confirman estos hallazgos&#46; Aunque es frecuente la observaci&#243;n de un diagn&#243;stico espec&#237;fico en la TC de t&#243;rax&#44; se produce un cambio de tratamiento en un porcentaje limitado de pacientes y el pron&#243;stico no mejora de forma significativa&#46; Las gu&#237;as de pr&#225;ctica cl&#237;nica sugieren el uso de corticoides orales y antibi&#243;ticos para las agudizaciones de EPOC que requieren ingreso hospitalario<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46; Por este motivo&#44; m&#225;s de tres cuartos de los pacientes de nuestra serie con un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en la TC de t&#243;rax ya estaban recibiendo tratamiento espec&#237;fico para ese diagn&#243;stico&#44; y este hecho podr&#237;a explicar que la informaci&#243;n de la TC de t&#243;rax no modifique el pron&#243;stico de nuestros pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuestros resultados tienen consecuencias pr&#225;cticas&#46; En los Servicios de Urgencias es frecuente la solicitud de una TC de t&#243;rax para los pacientes con agudizaci&#243;n de EPOC con el objetivo de confirmar&#47;descartar la TEP como causa de la agudizaci&#243;n y de realizar diagn&#243;sticos alternativos que podr&#237;an modificar el manejo de estos pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; El ensayo cl&#237;nico SLICE demostr&#243; la falta de beneficio cl&#237;nico de un algoritmo &#40;que incluy&#243; un d&#237;mero D y una TC de t&#243;rax para los pacientes con d&#237;mero D positivo&#41; para la b&#250;squeda de la TEP en pacientes hospitalizados por agudizaci&#243;n de su EPOC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46; Este an&#225;lisis completa los resultados anteriores y sugiere que no deber&#237;a solicitarse rutinariamente una TC de t&#243;rax a este grupo de pacientes&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio tiene varias limitaciones&#46; En primer lugar&#44; se trata de un suban&#225;lisis predefinido de los pacientes que recibieron una TC de t&#243;rax en el grupo intervenci&#243;n de un ensayo cl&#237;nico&#46; Por tanto&#44; los resultados solo pueden considerarse como generadores de hip&#243;tesis&#46; Aunque no se realiz&#243; ajuste por multiplicidad&#44; la ausencia de asociaci&#243;n independiente entre el hallazgo de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo en la TC y la variable primaria de resultado descarta un error tipo I y hace innecesario dicho ajuste&#46; En segundo lugar&#44; el n&#250;mero de eventos fue bajo para extraer conclusiones s&#243;lidas&#46; Finalmente&#44; en SLICE solo recibieron una TC de t&#243;rax aquellos pacientes del grupo intervenci&#243;n con un d&#237;mero D positivo&#44; por lo que los resultados no pueden extrapolarse a todos los pacientes con agudizaci&#243;n de EPOC que requieren ingreso hospitalario&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; entre los pacientes que requieren ingreso por agudizaci&#243;n de EPOC&#44; la TC de t&#243;rax ofrece un diagn&#243;stico alternativo &#40;distinto a la TEP&#41; en el 76&#37; de las ocasiones&#46; El tratamiento espec&#237;fico de estas patolog&#237;as no se asocia a un mejor pron&#243;stico en los tres primeros meses de seguimiento&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Contribuciones</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Concepto y dise&#241;o&#58; Rodr&#237;guez&#44; Jim&#233;nez&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adquisici&#243;n de los datos&#44; an&#225;lisis e interpretaci&#243;n de los datos&#58; Rodr&#237;guez&#44; Solier&#44; Mar&#237;n&#44; Tenes&#44; Dur&#225;n&#44; Retegui&#44; Muriel&#44; Otero&#44; Monreal&#44; Jim&#233;nez&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Redacci&#243;n del manuscrito&#58; Rodr&#237;guez&#44; Solier&#44; Mar&#237;n&#44; Jim&#233;nez&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Supervisi&#243;n&#58; Rodr&#237;guez&#44; Jim&#233;nez&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El autor de correspondencia&#44; David Jim&#233;nez&#44; tuvo acceso completo a los datos del estudio y la responsabilidad final de env&#237;o del manuscrito para publicaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">ISCIII &#40;PI14&#47;00400&#41;&#44; Chest Foundation&#44; Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neumolog&#237;a y Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleBold">SEPAR</span>&#41;&#44; Neumosur y Daiichi Sankyo&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Variables analizadas y definici&#243;n de diagn&#243;sticos alternativos"
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              "titulo" => "Diagn&#243;sticos en la TC de t&#243;rax y cambios en el tratamiento"
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              "titulo" => "Pron&#243;stico"
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    "fechaAceptado" => "2022-02-12"
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            2 => "Tomograf&#237;a computarizada de t&#243;rax"
            3 => "Pron&#243;stico"
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            0 => "COPD"
            1 => "Pulmonary embolism"
            2 => "Computed tomography"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Antecedentes</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El ensayo cl&#237;nico SLICE no demostr&#243; un beneficio cl&#237;nico de la b&#250;squeda activa de la tromboembolia de pulm&#243;n &#40;TEP&#41; en pacientes que requirieron ingreso por agudizaci&#243;n de su EPOC&#46; El objetivo de este suban&#225;lisis fue determinar la frecuencia y el significado pron&#243;stico del hallazgo de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en la tomograf&#237;a computarizada de t&#243;rax &#40;TC&#41; realizada a pacientes hospitalizados por EPOC agudizada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Analizamos los pacientes del grupo intervenci&#243;n de SLICE que recibieron una TC con resultado negativo para TEP&#46; Evaluamos mediante el uso de regresi&#243;n log&#237;stica multivariable la asociaci&#243;n entre un diagn&#243;stico alternativo y el evento primario compuesto de reingreso por EPOC y la mortalidad por cualquier causa en los primeros 90 d&#237;as despu&#233;s de la aleatorizaci&#243;n&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Este an&#225;lisis incluy&#243; a 175 pacientes del grupo intervenci&#243;n que recibieron una TC con un resultado negativo para TEP&#46; De ellos&#44; 84 &#40;48&#44;0&#37;&#41; fueron diagnosticados de infecci&#243;n bronquial aguda&#44; 13 &#40;7&#44;4&#37;&#41; de c&#225;ncer de pulm&#243;n&#44; 10 &#40;5&#44;7&#37;&#41; de insuficiencia cardiaca&#44; 8 &#40;4&#44;6&#37;&#41; de neumon&#237;a&#44; 18 &#40;10&#44;3&#37;&#41; de otros diagn&#243;sticos&#44; y en 42 &#40;24&#44;0&#37;&#41; pacientes la TC fue normal&#46; En el an&#225;lisis multivariable&#44; un diagn&#243;stico alternativo no se asoci&#243; de manera significativa con el evento primario &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span>&#58; 0&#44;64&#59; IC 95&#37;&#58; 0&#44;30-1&#44;38&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;26&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Entre los pacientes que requieren ingreso por agudizaci&#243;n de EPOC&#44; la TC ofrece un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en el 76&#37; de las ocasiones&#46; El tratamiento espec&#237;fico de estas patolog&#237;as no se asocia a un mejor pron&#243;stico durante el seguimiento&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Background</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among patients hospitalized for an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41;&#44; the SLICE trial showed that the addition of an active diagnostic strategy for pulmonary embolism &#40;PE&#41; to usual care compared with usual care alone did not improve a composite set of health outcomes&#46; The objective of this subanalysis was to determine the frequency and prognostic significance of findings on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram &#40;CTPA&#41; supporting an alternative diagnosis to PE&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Methods</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We analyzed all patients randomized to the intervention in the SLICE trial who received a CTPA that did not show PE&#46; We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the independent association between findings supporting an alternative diagnosis to PE and a composite of readmission for COPD or death within 90 days after randomization&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Results</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among the 746 patients who were randomized&#44; this subanalysis included 175 patients in the intervention group who received a CTPA that did not show PE&#46; Eighty-four &#40;48&#46;0&#37;&#41; patients had acute bronchial infection&#44; 13 &#40;7&#46;4&#37;&#41; had lung cancer&#44; 10 &#40;5&#46;7&#37;&#41; had congestive heart failure&#44; 8 &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&#44; 18 &#40;10&#46;3&#37;&#41; had other diagnoses&#44; and 42 &#40;24&#46;0&#37;&#41; had a normal CTPA&#46; In multivariable analysis&#44; findings supporting an alternative diagnosis to PE were not significantly associated with the primary outcome &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span>&#58; 0&#46;64&#59; 95&#37; confidence interval&#58; 0&#46;30-1&#46;38&#59; P<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;26&#41;&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Among patients hospitalized for an exacerbation of COPD&#44; CTPA identified an alternative diagnosis in 76&#37; of the patients&#46; However&#44; specific management of these patients was not associated with improved outcomes within 90 days after randomization&#46;</p></span>"
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            "apendice" => "<p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Barcelona</span> &#40;20 pacientes&#41;&#58; S&#46; Jim&#233;nez &#40;16 pacientes&#41;&#44; A&#46; Vilas &#40;3 pacientes&#41;&#44; D&#46; Aisa &#40;1 paciente&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bilbao</span> &#40;113 pacientes&#41;&#58; E&#46; Tabernero&#47;B&#46; Gonz&#225;lez-Quero &#40;113 pacientes&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Galdakao</span> &#40;21 pacientes&#41;&#58; A&#46; Ballaz&#47;L&#46; Chasco &#40;21 pacientes&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gran Canaria</span> &#40;35 pacientes&#41;&#58; G&#46; P&#233;rez-Pe&#241;ate&#47;F&#46; Le&#243;n-Marrero &#40;35 pacientes&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">La Coru&#241;a</span> &#40;25 pacientes&#41;&#58; P&#46; Marcos-Rodr&#237;guez&#47;S&#46;J&#46; Dom&#237;nguez-Pazos &#40;25 pacientes&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Madrid</span> &#40;364 pacientes&#41;&#58; D&#46; Jim&#233;nez&#47;A&#46; Quezada &#40;171 pacientes&#41;&#44; A&#46; Hernando&#47;J&#46;I&#46; de Granda-Orive &#40;91 pacientes&#41;&#44; P&#46; Ruiz-Artacho&#47;F&#46; Beddar-Chaib &#40;56 pacientes&#41;&#44; M&#46;J&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Nieto&#47;Itziar Fern&#225;ndez-Ormaechea &#40;28 pacientes&#41;&#44; M&#46; Calle&#47;J&#46;L&#46; Rodr&#237;guez-Hermosa&#47;J&#46; Carriel &#40;12 pacientes&#41;&#44; A&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Verdasco &#40;2 pacientes&#41;&#44; J&#46; de Miguel-D&#237;ez &#40;2 pacientes&#41;&#44; M&#46;A&#46; Quesada &#40;2 pacientes&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Santander</span> &#40;17 pacientes&#41;&#58; R&#46; Ag&#252;ero &#40;17 pacientes&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sevilla</span> &#40;112 pacientes&#41;&#58; L&#46; Jara-Palomares&#47;R&#46; Otero&#47;E&#46; M&#225;rquez-Mart&#237;n &#40;112 pacientes&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Valencia</span> &#40;8 pacientes&#41;&#58; R&#46; L&#243;pez-Reyes &#40;8 pacientes&#41;&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vitoria</span> &#40;31 pacientes&#41;&#58; J&#46;L&#46; Lobo&#47;A&#46; Rivas-Guerrero &#40;31 pacientes&#41;&#46;</p>"
            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Anexo&#46; Investigadores del ensayo SLICE"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Proporci&#243;n acumulada de eventos en funci&#243;n de la presencia de un diagn&#243;stico alternativo a la TEP en la TC de t&#243;rax o de una TC de t&#243;rax normal&#46;</p>"
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        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TC&#58; tomograf&#237;a computarizada&#59; DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; volumen espiratorio forzado en 1 segundo&#59; ETEV&#58; enfermedad tromboemb&#243;lica venosa&#59; SatO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; saturaci&#243;n de la hemoglobina por el ox&#237;geno</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#250;m&#46; &#40;&#37;&#41; de pacientes</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Con diagn&#243;stico alternativo en TC&#40;N<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>133&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Con TC normal&#40;N<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">64 &#40;48&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;45&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sexo</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hombre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">107 &#40;80&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31 &#40;73&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;39&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Mujer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;19&#44;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;26&#44;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Fumador activo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">38 &#40;28&#44;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;23&#44;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Paquetes-a&#241;o&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&#44; n&#250;m&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55&#44;7 &#40;20&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71&#44;2 &#40;35&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Agudizaciones de EPOC en los 12 meses previos&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&#44; n&#250;m&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;3 &#40;1&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;7 &#40;2&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;21&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> postbroncodilatador&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&#44; &#37; del predicho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48&#44;4 &#40;18&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#44;2 &#40;20&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EPOC muy grave&#58; &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#37; del predicho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;9&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;19&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EPOC grave&#58; 30 a &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; del predicho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">62 &#40;46&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;40&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EPOC moderada&#58; 50 a &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37; del predicho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;33&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;33&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>EPOC leve&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleUnderline">&#62;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#37; del predicho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;9&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Factores de riesgo para ETEV</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Inmovilizaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33 &#40;24&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;14&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Apnea del sue&#241;o&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">17 &#40;12&#44;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;19&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Insuficiencia cardiaca&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">27 &#40;20&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;11&#44;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>C&#225;ncer<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;6&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;69&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Antecedentes de ETEV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;2&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cirug&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">S&#237;ntomas y signos</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Disnea&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">132 &#40;99&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;100&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Frecuencia cardiaca<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100&#47;min&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;30&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;38&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;35&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Aumento del volumen del esputo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;34&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">13 &#40;31&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Esputo purulento&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;8&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tensi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm Hg&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;4&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;2&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SatO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>90&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">58 &#40;43&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;33&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;28&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Probabilidad cl&#237;nica &#40;escala de Wells&#41;</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Baja&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">56 &#40;17&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;47&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;59&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleMonospace">I</span>ntermedia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">77 &#40;83&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;52&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anal&#237;tica</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Creatinina&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&#44; mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;9 &#40;0&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;9 &#40;0&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;71&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Creatinina<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#44;5 mg&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;3&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;57&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Hemoglobina&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&#44; g&#47;dL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#44;9 &#40;2&#44;18&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#44;4 &#40;2&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Leucocitos x 10<span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span>&#47;L&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#44;4 &#40;10&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#44;0 &#40;3&#44;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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          ]
          "notaPie" => array:3 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "a"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Pacientes no quir&#250;rgicos con movilidad limitada &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; encamamiento&#41; durante &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4 d&#237;as en el mes anterior&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "b"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Activo o en tratamiento en el a&#241;o anterior&#46;</p>"
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            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0015"
              "etiqueta" => "c"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">En el mes anterior&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Caracter&#237;sticas principales de los 175 pacientes incluidos</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">TC&#58; tomograf&#237;a computarizada&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; DE&#58; desviaci&#243;n est&#225;ndar&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Eventos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Todos los pacientes&#40;N<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>175&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Con diagn&#243;stico alternativo en TC&#40;N<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>133&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Con TC normal&#40;N<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Evento principal</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Reingreso por EPOC o muerte por cualquier causa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">55 &#40;31&#44;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;30&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;35&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Eventos secundarios</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Reingreso por EPOC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">45 &#40;25&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">30 &#40;22&#44;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">15 &#40;35&#44;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Muerte por cualquier causa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;9&#44;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16 &#40;12&#44;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Recurrencias tromb&#243;ticas no fatales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Duraci&#243;n de la estancia hospitalaria&#44; media &#40;DE&#41;&#44; d&#237;as&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;9 &#40;4&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;9 &#40;4&#44;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44;8 &#40;4&#44;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Eventos durante el seguimiento a 90 d&#237;as</p>"
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        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          0 => array:3 [
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            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OR&#58; odds ratio&#59; ICC&#58; insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; volumen espiratorio forzado en 1 segundo&#59; EPOC&#58; enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica&#59; TC&#58; tomograf&#237;a computarizada&#59; SatO<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span>&#58; saturaci&#243;n de la hemoglobina por el ox&#237;geno&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable predictora&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR no ajustada&#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OR ajustada&#40;IC 95&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Valor de P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>75 a&#241;os&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;88 &#40;0&#44;99-3&#44;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;88 &#40;0&#44;96-3&#44;68&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo hombre&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;56 &#40;0&#44;68-3&#44;57&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> postbroncodilatador&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;41 &#40;0&#44;07-2&#44;39&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ICC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#44;94 &#40;0&#44;88-4&#44;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">-&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">C&#225;ncer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#44;78 &#40;1&#44;15-19&#44;87&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;03&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;57 &#40;1&#44;29-24&#44;04&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Diagn&#243;stico alternativo en la TC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Inmovilizaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#44;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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Vol. 58. Issue 5.
Pages 412-417 (May 2022)
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Vol. 58. Issue 5.
Pages 412-417 (May 2022)
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Significado pronóstico de los diagnósticos alternativos a la TEP hallados en la tomografía computarizada de tórax de pacientes ingresados por agudización de EPOC: subanálisis predefinido del ensayo SLICE
Prognostic Significance of Findings on CTPA Supporting an Alternative Diagnosis to PE Among Patients Hospitalized for an Exacerbation of COPD: Predefined Subanalysis of the SLICE Trial
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Carmen Rodrígueza, Aurora Soliera, Marta Marína, Andrés Tenesa, Diego Durána, Ana Reteguia, Alfonso Murielb, Remedios Oteroc,d, Manuel Monrealc,e, David Jiméneza,c,f,
Corresponding author
djimenez.hrc@gmail.com

Autor para correspondencia.
, the SLICE investigators
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, España
b Unidad de Bioestadística Clínica, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), CIBERESP, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España
c CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, España
d Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Virgen del Rocío-IBIS-Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España
e Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, España
f Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, España
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Carmen Rodríguez, Aurora Solier, Marta Marín, Andrés Tenes, Diego Durán, Ana Retegui, Alfonso Muriel, Remedios Otero, Manuel Monreal, David Jiménez
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Antecedentes

El ensayo clínico SLICE no demostró un beneficio clínico de la búsqueda activa de la tromboembolia de pulmón (TEP) en pacientes que requirieron ingreso por agudización de su EPOC. El objetivo de este subanálisis fue determinar la frecuencia y el significado pronóstico del hallazgo de un diagnóstico alternativo a la TEP en la tomografía computarizada de tórax (TC) realizada a pacientes hospitalizados por EPOC agudizada.

Métodos

Analizamos los pacientes del grupo intervención de SLICE que recibieron una TC con resultado negativo para TEP. Evaluamos mediante el uso de regresión logística multivariable la asociación entre un diagnóstico alternativo y el evento primario compuesto de reingreso por EPOC y la mortalidad por cualquier causa en los primeros 90 d