array:24 [
  "pii" => "S1579212918301526"
  "issn" => "15792129"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2018.05.010"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-07-01"
  "aid" => "1790"
  "copyright" => "SEPAR"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2017"
  "documento" => "simple-article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "crp"
  "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:396-7"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1073
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 105
      "HTML" => 742
      "PDF" => 226
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0300289617304416"
      "issn" => "03002896"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2017.11.017"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-07-01"
      "aid" => "1790"
      "copyright" => "SEPAR"
      "documento" => "simple-article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "crp"
      "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:396-7"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 2200
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 98
          "HTML" => 1646
          "PDF" => 456
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:11 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Carta cient&#237;fica</span>"
        "titulo" => "Neumot&#243;rax espont&#225;neos de repetici&#243;n como presentaci&#243;n del s&#237;ndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233;"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "396"
            "paginaFinal" => "397"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax as a Manifestation of Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0005"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 1694
                "Ancho" => 1583
                "Tamanyo" => 259377
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Quistes pulmonares bilaterales&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Juan J&#46; Fibla Alfara, Laureano Molins L&#243;pez-Rod&#243;, Jorge Hern&#225;ndez Ferr&#225;ndez, Angela Guirao Montes"
            "autores" => array:4 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Juan J&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Fibla Alfara"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Laureano"
                "apellidos" => "Molins L&#243;pez-Rod&#243;"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Jorge"
                "apellidos" => "Hern&#225;ndez Ferr&#225;ndez"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Angela"
                "apellidos" => "Guirao Montes"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S1579212918301526"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2018.05.010"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212918301526?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289617304416?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
      "url" => "/03002896/0000005400000007/v1_201807020415/S0300289617304416/v1_201807020415/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S1579212918301496"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2018.05.007"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-07-01"
    "aid" => "1787"
    "copyright" => "SEPAR"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:397-9"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 930
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 106
        "HTML" => 595
        "PDF" => 229
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>"
      "titulo" => "Severe Pulmonary Emphysema in a Young Patient With Vasculitis Associated with Proteinase-3 Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies &#40;PR3-ANCA&#41;"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "397"
          "paginaFinal" => "399"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Enfisema pulmonar severo en un paciente joven con una vasculitis asociada a anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutr&#243;filo tipo proteinasa-3 &#40;ANCA-PR3&#41;"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1447
              "Ancho" => 3000
              "Tamanyo" => 419425
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Images of renal biopsy &#40;A&#41; and chest CT &#40;B&#8211;F&#41;&#46; &#40;A&#41; 2 glomeruli with extracapillary &#40;or crescent&#41; proliferation &#40;periodic acid Schiff&#41;&#46; &#40;B&#8211;F&#41; Different chest CT slices showing bilateral mixed centrilobular emphysema&#44; with areas of paraseptal involvement and subpleural bullae&#44; mainly in the upper lobes&#46; &#40;F&#41; One of the nodules&#44; measuring 3&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm &#40;dotted line&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Salom&#233; Muray Cases, Concepci&#243;n Alc&#225;zar Fajardo, Juan B&#46; Cabezuelo Romero"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Salom&#233;"
              "apellidos" => "Muray Cases"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Concepci&#243;n"
              "apellidos" => "Alc&#225;zar Fajardo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan B&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Cabezuelo Romero"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0300289617304386"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2017.12.002"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289617304386?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212918301496?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000005400000007/v1_201807020412/S1579212918301496/v1_201807020412/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S1579212918301514"
    "issn" => "15792129"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbr.2018.05.009"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-07-01"
    "aid" => "1789"
    "copyright" => "SEPAR"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "crp"
    "cita" => "Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:394-5"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 734
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 112
        "HTML" => 409
        "PDF" => 213
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>"
      "titulo" => "A 60-Year-Old Male Smoker With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Hypereosinophilia"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "394"
          "paginaFinal" => "395"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Var&#243;n de 60 a&#241;os de edad con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr&#243;nica y eosinofilia"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 950
              "Ancho" => 950
              "Tamanyo" => 94269
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Chest CT showing multiple micronodules&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Marta S&#225;nchez-Jare&#241;o, V&#237;ctor Yuste Jim&#233;nez, Carlos Villasante, Miguel &#193;ngel Canales, Rodolfo &#193;lvarez-Sala"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Marta"
              "apellidos" => "S&#225;nchez-Jare&#241;o"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "V&#237;ctor"
              "apellidos" => "Yuste Jim&#233;nez"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Carlos"
              "apellidos" => "Villasante"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Miguel &#193;ngel"
              "apellidos" => "Canales"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rodolfo"
              "apellidos" => "&#193;lvarez-Sala"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0300289617304404"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2017.11.016"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0300289617304404?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212918301514?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
    "url" => "/15792129/0000005400000007/v1_201807020412/S1579212918301514/v1_201807020412/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:15 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Scientific Letter</span>"
    "titulo" => "Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax as a Manifestation of Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "saludo" => "To the Editor&#44;"
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "396"
        "paginaFinal" => "397"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Juan J&#46; Fibla Alfara, Laureano Molins L&#243;pez-Rod&#243;, Jorge Hern&#225;ndez Ferr&#225;ndez, Angela Guirao Montes"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Juan J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Fibla Alfara"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "juanjofibla&#64;gmail&#46;com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Laureano"
            "apellidos" => "Molins L&#243;pez-Rod&#243;"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Jorge"
            "apellidos" => "Hern&#225;ndez Ferr&#225;ndez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Angela"
            "apellidos" => "Guirao Montes"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica&#44; Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Cirug&#237;a Tor&#225;cica&#44; Hospital Cl&#237;nic&#44; Barcelona&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Neumot&#243;rax espont&#225;neos de repetici&#243;n como presentaci&#243;n del s&#237;ndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233;"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1694
            "Ancho" => 1583
            "Tamanyo" => 259377
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bilateral lung cysts&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome &#40;BHDS&#41; is a rare clinico-pathological entity&#44; named after the 3 Canadian doctors who first described it in 1977&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Prevalence is estimated at 1&#47;200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>000 births&#46; The underlying cause is a mutation located on chromosome 17p11&#46;2 of the FCLN gene that encodes folliculin&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> It is characterized clinically by the presence of skin lesions&#44; lung cysts that may be associated with recurrent pneumothorax&#44; and kidney tumors&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> We report the case of a patient who was diagnosed with BHDS after presenting multiple recurrent episodes of pneumothorax&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a 35-year-old man&#44; non-smoker&#44; with a clinical history of arterial hypertension and bronchial asthma&#44; who was admitted to the emergency department with a 1-week history of right scapular pain&#46; Chest X-ray revealed complete right pneumothorax with no other lung abnormalities&#44; so a chest tube was placed and progress was favorable&#46; Thirty days later&#44; he presented a new episode of complete right pneumothorax&#44; so a video-assisted thoracoscopy was performed in the right side&#44; revealing the presence of small apical bullae&#46; These were resected&#44; and mechanical pleural abrasion of the upper third of the hemithorax was performed&#46; The patient progressed favorably and was discharged from hospital three days after the intervention&#46; The histological study results were consistent with emphysematous bullae&#46; Four years later&#44; the patient presented in the emergency department again with left pleuritic pain&#44; and a complete left pneumothorax was diagnosed&#46; Chest CT was performed&#44; revealing pneumothorax and multiple&#44; large bilateral cystic cavities&#44; predominantly in the lung bases &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Given the patient&#39;s history of previously treated contralateral pneumothorax&#44; left video-assisted thoracoscopy was performed&#44; with resection of the apex and mechanical pleural abrasion of the upper third of the hemithorax&#46; Histological study of the resected pulmonary apex found emphysematous bullae&#44; with no other changes&#46; The patient progressed favorably and was discharged from hospital three days later&#46; Two years later he was readmitted with recurrence of complete right pneumothorax&#44; so video-assisted thoracoscopy was performed again&#44; and chemical pleurodesis was applied with 8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g of talc&#46; Given the recurrent&#44; bilateral nature of the pneumothorax episodes and the CT image of bilateral cysts&#44; a detailed clinical exploration was performed&#46; Notably&#44; discrete papular skin lesions of microcystic appearance were found on the patient&#39;s forehead&#46; These were biopsied and determined on histology to be fibrofolliculomas&#46; The recurrent bilateral pneumothoraxes&#44; bilateral pulmonary cystic cavities&#44; and fibrofolliculomas of the skin suggested the possibility of BHDS&#44; so a study of peripheral blood for the FLCN gene was performed&#44; as mutations in this gene are associated with the appearance of this syndrome&#46; A change in exon 11 of the FLCN gene in position 1285&#44; consistent with a cytosine deletion&#44; was detected&#46; This alteration involves the introduction of a premature stop codon&#44; resulting in a truncated protein&#46; Because this syndrome is associated with kidney tumors&#44; an abdominal CT was performed&#44; which was normal&#46; The patient has had no recurrence of pneumothorax to date&#46; A more comprehensive histological analysis of the lung tissue obtained during the first two surgical interventions was requested&#46; The new report confirmed that the pulmonary bullae in both the right and apices were surrounded by normal alveolar walls&#44; protruding into the interlobular septa&#46; These histologic features have been described &#40;along with the presence of intracystic septa and profusion of venules in the cystic space&#41; as characteristic of BHDS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BHDS is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized mainly by cutaneous fibrofolliculomas and&#47;or trichodiscomas&#44; pulmonary cysts&#44; spontaneous pneumothorax&#44; and kidney tumors&#46; The gene involved in this syndrome&#44; FLCN&#44; encodes folliculin&#44; which is expressed mainly in the skin&#44; kidneys&#44; and lung&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The main criteria for the diagnosis of BHDS are FLCN mutations on the genetic study&#44; and the presence of skin lesions &#40;fibrofolliculomas or trichodiscomas&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> The most common extracutaneous manifestations are respiratory&#58; up to 80&#37; of BHDS patients have pulmonary cysts which can remain asymptomatic for years&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The number and size of the lesions varies from one patient to another&#44; ranging from small cysts to bullae measuring several centimeters&#44; located mainly in the lung bases and in the subpleural region&#46; Larger cyst size and volume have been associated with a greater risk of developing pneumothorax&#46; Approximately 20&#37;&#8211;30&#37; of patients with pulmonary cysts have a history of around two episodes of pneumothorax&#46; Moreover&#44; most patients with a history of pneumothorax have been reported to have multiple pulmonary cysts&#46; The right lung is more often affected&#44; although both lungs may be involved in up to 23&#37; of cases&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> A recent study found that 5&#37;&#8211;10&#37; of spontaneous primary pneumothoraxes may be related with BHDS&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The pathophysiology of the pulmonary cysts is unknown&#46; The most current theory is the &#8220;stretch hypothesis&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> which suggests that the cysts may originate from cell&#8211;cell adhesion defects generated by the mutation&#46; Over time&#44; repeated pulmonary expansion &#8220;stretches&#8221; the alveolar spaces&#44; particularly in the regions of the lung with larger changes in alveolar volume&#46; Chest CT is the examination of choice for the diagnosis of lung involvement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of renal tumors in these patients varies from 6&#46;5&#37; to 34&#37;&#44; depending on the study&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> with a predilection for men and the 20&#8211;55 age group&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> Kidney lesions are usually bilateral and multifocal&#44; with some specific histologic types&#44; five of which are&#58; hybrid forms of oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#44; and pure forms of chromophobe carcinoma &#40;34&#37;&#41;&#44; oncocytoma &#40;5&#37;&#41;&#44; clear cell &#40;3&#37;&#41;&#44; or papillary &#40;2&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;14</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Although some authors have associated BHDS with colon cancer&#44; no specific indication for colonoscopy has been described in these patients&#44; and recommendations are the same as for the general population&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; a patient who presents with multiple recurrent pneumothoraxes who shows bilateral pulmonary cysts on CT should undergo a dermatological examination to detect accessible skin lesions for biopsy and genetic study&#46; This diagnosis justifies a study of the abdomen&#44; and patients should be monitored for the early detection and treatment of kidney tumors&#46;</p></span>"
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as&#58; Fibla Alfara JJ&#44; Molins L&#243;pez-Rod&#243; L&#44; Hern&#225;ndez Ferr&#225;ndez J&#44; Guirao Montes A&#46; Neumot&#243;rax espont&#225;neos de repetici&#243;n como presentaci&#243;n del s&#237;ndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233;&#46; Arch Bronconeumol&#46; 2018&#59;54&#58;396&#8211;397&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:1 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1694
            "Ancho" => 1583
            "Tamanyo" => 259377
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Bilateral lung cysts&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hereditary multiple fibrofolliculomas with trichodiscomas and acrochordons"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "A&#46;R&#46; Birt"
                            1 => "G&#46;R&#46; Hogg"
                            2 => "W&#46;J&#46; Dub&#233;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Dermatol"
                        "fecha" => "1977"
                        "volumen" => "113"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1764"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1767"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Gupta"
                            1 => "B&#46;Y&#46; Sunwoo"
                            2 => "R&#46;M&#46; Kotloff"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ccm.2016.04.010"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Chest Med"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "475"
                        "paginaFinal" => "486"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27514594"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome&#46; State-of-the-art review with emphasis on pulmonary involvement"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;A&#46; Dal Sasso"
                            1 => "L&#46;C&#46; Bel&#233;m"
                            2 => "G&#46; Zanetti"
                            3 => "C&#46;A&#46; Souza"
                            4 => "D&#46;L&#46; Escuissato"
                            5 => "K&#46;L&#46; Irion"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmed.2014.11.008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "109"
                        "paginaInicial" => "289"
                        "paginaFinal" => "296"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25519092"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Characterization of pulmonary cysts in Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome&#58; histopathological and morphometric analysis of 229 pulmonary cysts from 50 unrelated patients"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Kumasak"
                            1 => "T&#46; Hayashi"
                            2 => "K&#46; Mitani"
                            3 => "H&#46; Katoka"
                            4 => "M&#46; Kikkawa"
                            5 => "K&#46; Tobino"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/his.12368"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Histopathology"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "100"
                        "paginaFinal" => "110"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24393238"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces and bullous emphysema&#46; A novel mutation causing Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Burkett"
                            1 => "N&#46; Coffey"
                            2 => "E&#46; Tomiak"
                            3 => "N&#46; Voduc"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rmcr.2016.08.006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Respir Med Case Rep"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "19"
                        "paginaInicial" => "106"
                        "paginaFinal" => "108"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27642565"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Actualizaci&#243;n en el s&#237;ndrome Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "V&#46; L&#243;pez"
                            1 => "E&#46; Jord&#225;"
                            2 => "C&#46; Monteagudo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Actas Dermosifilogr"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "103"
                        "paginaInicial" => "198"
                        "paginaFinal" => "206"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "BHD mutations&#44; clinical and molecular genetic investigations of Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome&#58; a new series of 50 families and a review of published reports"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Toro"
                            1 => "M&#46;H&#46; Wei"
                            2 => "G&#46;M&#46; Glenn"
                            3 => "M&#46; Weinreich"
                            4 => "O&#46; Toure"
                            5 => "C&#46; Vocke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/jmg.2007.054304"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Genet"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "321"
                        "paginaFinal" => "331"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18234728"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lung cysts&#44; spontaneous pneumothorax&#44; and genetic associations in 89 families with Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;R&#46; Toro"
                            1 => "S&#46; Pautler"
                            2 => "L&#46; Stewart"
                            3 => "G&#46; Glenn"
                            4 => "M&#46; Weinreich"
                            5 => "O&#46; Toure"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.200610-1483OC"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "175"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1044"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1053"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17322109"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence of Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome in patients with apparently primary spontaneous pneumothorax"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46;C&#46; Johannesma"
                            1 => "R&#46; Reinhard"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Kon"
                            3 => "J&#46;D&#46; Sriram"
                            4 => "H&#46;J&#46; Smit"
                            5 => "R&#46;J&#46; van Moorselaar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00196914"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "45"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1191"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1194"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25537564"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mechanisms of pulmonary cyst pathogenesis in Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome&#58; the stretch hypothesis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;C&#46; Kennedy"
                            1 => "D&#46; Khabibullin"
                            2 => "E&#46;P&#46; Henske"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.02.014"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Semin Cell Dev Biol"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "47"
                        "paginaFinal" => "52"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26877139"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "High resolution computed tomography of the chest in the evaluation of patients with Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;A&#46;D&#46; Sasso"
                            1 => "G&#46; Zanetti"
                            2 => "C&#46;A&#46; Souza"
                            3 => "D&#46;L&#46; Escuissato"
                            4 => "K&#46;L&#46; Irion"
                            5 => "M&#46;D&#46; Guimar&#227;es"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rppnen.2017.02.003"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Port Pneumol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "162"
                        "paginaFinal" => "164"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28330623"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0261561415001442"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "02615614"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Diagn&#243;stico retrospectivo de s&#237;ndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; en un var&#243;n de 74 a&#241;os&#58; importancia de la imagen"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Gorospe"
                            1 => "A&#46;M&#46; Ayala-Carbonero"
                            2 => "M&#46;A&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-M&#233;ndez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rce.2015.10.002"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Clin Esp"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "216"
                        "paginaInicial" => "286"
                        "paginaFinal" => "287"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26653075"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Risk of renal and colonic neoplasms and spontaneous pneumothorax in the Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Zbar"
                            1 => "G&#46; Alvord"
                            2 => "G&#46; Glenn"
                            3 => "M&#46; Turner"
                            4 => "C&#46; Pavlovich"
                            5 => "L&#46; Schmidt"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "393"
                        "paginaFinal" => "400"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11927500"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0261561413000794"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "02615614"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Review of renal tumors associated with Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome with focus on clinical and pathobiological aspects"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Kuroda"
                            1 => "M&#46; Furuya"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Nagashima"
                            3 => "H&#46; Gotohda"
                            4 => "F&#46; Kawakami"
                            5 => "S&#46; Moritani"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pol J Pathol"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "65"
                        "paginaInicial" => "93"
                        "paginaFinal" => "99"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25119168"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Birt-Hogg-Dub&#233; syndrome&#58; diagnosis and management"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46;H&#46; Menko"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; van Steensel"
                            2 => "S&#46; Giraud"
                            3 => "L&#46; Friis-Hansen"
                            4 => "S&#46; Richard"
                            5 => "S&#46; Ungari"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70188-3"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Oncol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1199"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1206"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19959076"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/15792129/0000005400000007/v1_201807020412/S1579212918301526/v1_201807020412/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "49861"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Scientific letters"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/15792129/0000005400000007/v1_201807020412/S1579212918301526/v1_201807020412/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00003Z&text.app=https://www.archbronconeumol.org/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1579212918301526?idApp=UINPBA00003Z"
]
Share
Journal Information
Vol. 54. Issue 7.
Pages 396-397 (July 2018)
Vol. 54. Issue 7.
Pages 396-397 (July 2018)
Scientific Letter
Full text access
Recurrent Spontaneous Pneumothorax as a Manifestation of Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome
Neumotórax espontáneos de repetición como presentación del síndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dubé
Visits
4647
Juan J. Fibla Alfaraa,
Corresponding author
juanjofibla@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Laureano Molins López-Rodóa,b, Jorge Hernández Ferrándeza, Angela Guirao Montesb
a Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain
b Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Full Text
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Figures (1)
Full Text
To the Editor,

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is a rare clinico-pathological entity, named after the 3 Canadian doctors who first described it in 1977.1 Prevalence is estimated at 1/200000 births. The underlying cause is a mutation located on chromosome 17p11.2 of the FCLN gene that encodes folliculin.2 It is characterized clinically by the presence of skin lesions, lung cysts that may be associated with recurrent pneumothorax, and kidney tumors.3 We report the case of a patient who was diagnosed with BHDS after presenting multiple recurrent episodes of pneumothorax.

This was a 35-year-old man, non-smoker, with a clinical history of arterial hypertension and bronchial asthma, who was admitted to the emergency department with a 1-week history of right scapular pain. Chest X-ray revealed complete right pneumothorax with no other lung abnormalities, so a chest tube was placed and progress was favorable. Thirty days later, he presented a new episode of complete right pneumothorax, so a video-assisted thoracoscopy was performed in the right side, revealing the presence of small apical bullae. These were resected, and mechanical pleural abrasion of the upper third of the hemithorax was performed. The patient progressed favorably and was discharged from hospital three days after the intervention. The histological study results were consistent with emphysematous bullae. Four years later, the patient presented in the emergency department again with left pleuritic pain, and a complete left pneumothorax was diagnosed. Chest CT was performed, revealing pneumothorax and multiple, large bilateral cystic cavities, predominantly in the lung bases (Fig. 1). Given the patient's history of previously treated contralateral pneumothorax, left video-assisted thoracoscopy was performed, with resection of the apex and mechanical pleural abrasion of the upper third of the hemithorax. Histological study of the resected pulmonary apex found emphysematous bullae, with no other changes. The patient progressed favorably and was discharged from hospital three days later. Two years later he was readmitted with recurrence of complete right pneumothorax, so video-assisted thoracoscopy was performed again, and chemical pleurodesis was applied with 8g of talc. Given the recurrent, bilateral nature of the pneumothorax episodes and the CT image of bilateral cysts, a detailed clinical exploration was performed. Notably, discrete papular skin lesions of microcystic appearance were found on the patient's forehead. These were biopsied and determined on histology to be fibrofolliculomas. The recurrent bilateral pneumothoraxes, bilateral pulmonary cystic cavities, and fibrofolliculomas of the skin suggested the possibility of BHDS, so a study of peripheral blood for the FLCN gene was performed, as mutations in this gene are associated with the appearance of this syndrome. A change in exon 11 of the FLCN gene in position 1285, consistent with a cytosine deletion, was detected. This alteration involves the introduction of a premature stop codon, resulting in a truncated protein. Because this syndrome is associated with kidney tumors, an abdominal CT was performed, which was normal. The patient has had no recurrence of pneumothorax to date. A more comprehensive histological analysis of the lung tissue obtained during the first two surgical interventions was requested. The new report confirmed that the pulmonary bullae in both the right and apices were surrounded by normal alveolar walls, protruding into the interlobular septa. These histologic features have been described (along with the presence of intracystic septa and profusion of venules in the cystic space) as characteristic of BHDS.4

Fig. 1.

Bilateral lung cysts.

(0.25MB).

BHDS is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized mainly by cutaneous fibrofolliculomas and/or trichodiscomas, pulmonary cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, and kidney tumors. The gene involved in this syndrome, FLCN, encodes folliculin, which is expressed mainly in the skin, kidneys, and lung.5 The main criteria for the diagnosis of BHDS are FLCN mutations on the genetic study, and the presence of skin lesions (fibrofolliculomas or trichodiscomas).6 The most common extracutaneous manifestations are respiratory: up to 80% of BHDS patients have pulmonary cysts which can remain asymptomatic for years.7 The number and size of the lesions varies from one patient to another, ranging from small cysts to bullae measuring several centimeters, located mainly in the lung bases and in the subpleural region. Larger cyst size and volume have been associated with a greater risk of developing pneumothorax. Approximately 20%–30% of patients with pulmonary cysts have a history of around two episodes of pneumothorax. Moreover, most patients with a history of pneumothorax have been reported to have multiple pulmonary cysts. The right lung is more often affected, although both lungs may be involved in up to 23% of cases.8 A recent study found that 5%–10% of spontaneous primary pneumothoraxes may be related with BHDS.9 The pathophysiology of the pulmonary cysts is unknown. The most current theory is the “stretch hypothesis”10 which suggests that the cysts may originate from cell–cell adhesion defects generated by the mutation. Over time, repeated pulmonary expansion “stretches” the alveolar spaces, particularly in the regions of the lung with larger changes in alveolar volume. Chest CT is the examination of choice for the diagnosis of lung involvement.11,12

The prevalence of renal tumors in these patients varies from 6.5% to 34%, depending on the study,7 with a predilection for men and the 20–55 age group.13 Kidney lesions are usually bilateral and multifocal, with some specific histologic types, five of which are: hybrid forms of oncocytoma and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (50%), and pure forms of chromophobe carcinoma (34%), oncocytoma (5%), clear cell (3%), or papillary (2%).7,14

Although some authors have associated BHDS with colon cancer, no specific indication for colonoscopy has been described in these patients, and recommendations are the same as for the general population.15

In conclusion, a patient who presents with multiple recurrent pneumothoraxes who shows bilateral pulmonary cysts on CT should undergo a dermatological examination to detect accessible skin lesions for biopsy and genetic study. This diagnosis justifies a study of the abdomen, and patients should be monitored for the early detection and treatment of kidney tumors.

References
[1]
A.R. Birt, G.R. Hogg, W.J. Dubé.
Hereditary multiple fibrofolliculomas with trichodiscomas and acrochordons.
Arch Dermatol, 113 (1977), pp. 1764-1767
[2]
N. Gupta, B.Y. Sunwoo, R.M. Kotloff.
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.
Clin Chest Med, 37 (2016), pp. 475-486
[3]
A.A. Dal Sasso, L.C. Belém, G. Zanetti, C.A. Souza, D.L. Escuissato, K.L. Irion, et al.
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. State-of-the-art review with emphasis on pulmonary involvement.
Respir Med, 109 (2015), pp. 289-296
[4]
T. Kumasak, T. Hayashi, K. Mitani, H. Katoka, M. Kikkawa, K. Tobino, et al.
Characterization of pulmonary cysts in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: histopathological and morphometric analysis of 229 pulmonary cysts from 50 unrelated patients.
Histopathology, 65 (2014), pp. 100-110
[5]
A. Burkett, N. Coffey, E. Tomiak, N. Voduc.
Recurrent spontaneous pneumothoraces and bullous emphysema. A novel mutation causing Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome.
Respir Med Case Rep, 19 (2016), pp. 106-108
[6]
V. López, E. Jordá, C. Monteagudo.
Actualización en el síndrome Birt-Hogg-Dubé.
Actas Dermosifilogr, 103 (2012), pp. 198-206
[7]
J.R. Toro, M.H. Wei, G.M. Glenn, M. Weinreich, O. Toure, C. Vocke, et al.
BHD mutations, clinical and molecular genetic investigations of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: a new series of 50 families and a review of published reports.
J Med Genet, 45 (2008), pp. 321-331
[8]
J.R. Toro, S. Pautler, L. Stewart, G. Glenn, M. Weinreich, O. Toure, et al.
Lung cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax, and genetic associations in 89 families with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 175 (2007), pp. 1044-1053
[9]
P.C. Johannesma, R. Reinhard, Y. Kon, J.D. Sriram, H.J. Smit, R.J. van Moorselaar, et al.
Prevalence of Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome in patients with apparently primary spontaneous pneumothorax.
Eur Respir J, 45 (2015), pp. 1191-1194
[10]
J.C. Kennedy, D. Khabibullin, E.P. Henske.
Mechanisms of pulmonary cyst pathogenesis in Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome: the stretch hypothesis.
Semin Cell Dev Biol, 52 (2016), pp. 47-52
[11]
A.A.D. Sasso, G. Zanetti, C.A. Souza, D.L. Escuissato, K.L. Irion, M.D. Guimarães, et al.
High resolution computed tomography of the chest in the evaluation of patients with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.
Rev Port Pneumol, 23 (2017), pp. 162-164
[12]
L. Gorospe, A.M. Ayala-Carbonero, M.A. Fernández-Méndez.
Diagnóstico retrospectivo de síndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dubé en un varón de 74 años: importancia de la imagen.
Rev Clin Esp, 216 (2016), pp. 286-287
[13]
B. Zbar, G. Alvord, G. Glenn, M. Turner, C. Pavlovich, L. Schmidt, et al.
Risk of renal and colonic neoplasms and spontaneous pneumothorax in the Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 11 (2002), pp. 393-400
[14]
N. Kuroda, M. Furuya, Y. Nagashima, H. Gotohda, F. Kawakami, S. Moritani, et al.
Review of renal tumors associated with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome with focus on clinical and pathobiological aspects.
Pol J Pathol, 65 (2014), pp. 93-99
[15]
F.H. Menko, M.A. van Steensel, S. Giraud, L. Friis-Hansen, S. Richard, S. Ungari, et al.
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: diagnosis and management.
Lancet Oncol, 10 (2009), pp. 1199-1206

Please cite this article as: Fibla Alfara JJ, Molins López-Rodó L, Hernández Ferrández J, Guirao Montes A. Neumotórax espontáneos de repetición como presentación del síndrome de Birt-Hogg-Dubé. Arch Bronconeumol. 2018;54:396–397.

Copyright © 2017. SEPAR
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?