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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most recent update of the Global Strategy for Obstructive Lung Disease &#40;GOLD&#41; recommends reassessing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease &#40;COPD&#41; patients after initial treatment based on symptoms and exacerbations<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#59; however&#44; there is no clear guidance as to how or how often this reassessment should be conducted&#46; The development and validation of a control tool that easily identifies patients who may require a step up&#47;down in treatment and a closer follow-up has been successfully achieved in the management of asthma&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> but the concept of control has been elusive in COPD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The main reason for this is the identification of the concept of control with normality in fact&#44; controlled asthma is associated with normal lung function and absence of symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> While it is obvious that these objectives are not attainable in COPD&#44; it is also true that thanks to smoking cessation&#44; vaccinations and appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments many COPD patients may achieve a low level of symptoms and remain stable&#44; without exacerbations and without significant worsening in lung function over prolonged periods of time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> This status of low level of symptoms &#40;or low impact&#41; and stability is what has been defined as control in COPD&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;6</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A recent study demonstrated that the evaluation of control in COPD is more sensitive to clinical changes than changes in GOLD stage&#44; in risk level or in phenotype&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Moreover&#44; a change in control status over 3 months is followed by significant changes in COPD assessment test &#40;CAT&#41; scores&#44; thereby&#44; making evaluation of COPD control a potential tool to reassess patients at each clinical visit&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However&#44; the risk of poor outcomes &#40;i&#46;e&#46; exacerbations of different severity&#41; in the short term in association with the uncontrolled status or with the change in status from controlled to uncontrolled has not been previously reported&#46; This is critical to understand the clinical value of the evaluation of control&#46; If uncontrolled status or change to uncontrolled status is associated with increased risk of exacerbations during the next months&#44; this would justify investigating the cause of the lack of control and an intervention to restore the control status and prevent undesirable outcomes&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The current study is the first prospective&#44; international&#44; multicenter study designed with the objective to investigate the concept of control of COPD&#46; In a previous publication we described control status as a marker of increased risk of poor outcomes during follow-up&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Here&#44; we describe the changes in control status in patients over long-term follow-up&#44; the short-term risk associated with uncontrolled patient visits and the main characteristics of patients that remained either controlled or uncontrolled during the study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Method</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Design of the study</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This was a prospective international&#44; multicenter study aimed at developing the concept of control in COPD&#46; The design of the study has been described in detail in previous publications&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a> Eligible patients were recruited to the study and underwent a screening visit &#40;V-1&#41; involving full clinical assessment&#44; including socioeconomic variables&#44; evaluation of current smoking status&#44; current treatment&#44; respiratory symptoms&#44; presence of comorbidities&#44; lung function measured by spirometry and questionnaires&#46; The BODEx &#40;Body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#44; obstruction&#44; dyspnea and exacerbations&#41; index was calculated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> A baseline visit &#40;V0&#41; was scheduled after 3 months&#44; in which the control status of the patients was assessed as indicated below&#46; After baseline&#44; the patients were followed with 3 visits at 6-month intervals for a total of 18 months&#46; At each follow-up visit the control status was assessed as at baseline&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At each clinical visit&#44; the CAT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> and the modified Medical Research Council &#40;mMRC&#41; dyspnea scale<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> were administered&#44; comorbidities were assessed with the Charlson index<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> and physical activity were quantified by self-declared minutes of walking per day&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A moderate COPD exacerbation was defined as an increase in respiratory symptoms that required the use of systemic corticosteroids and&#47;or a course of antibiotics&#59; when exacerbation required hospital admission it was considered severe&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The primary outcome of the study was the difference in rates of a composite endpoint during the 18-month follow-up between patients who were controlled versus uncontrolled at baseline&#46; The composite endpoint was defined as occurrence of an ambulatory exacerbation&#44; an emergency room attendance or hospital admission due to an exacerbation&#44; or death&#46; The results of the analysis of the primary outcome have recently been published&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The current manuscript describes the changes of control status during follow-up and the short-term &#40;6 months&#41; predictive value of the lack of control in patients with COPD&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was approved by the local Research and Ethics Committees of each participating center&#44; and all patients provided written informed consent&#46; The data from the United Kingdom &#40;UK&#41; was obtained from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database &#40;OPCRD&#41; and permission to access and link UK data to anonymous electronic medical records was obtained from the Health Research Authority for clinical research use &#40;Anonymised Data Ethics &#38; Protocol Transparency &#40;ADEPT&#41; approval number ADEPT0115&#41;&#46; This study was registered with the European Network of Centres for Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacovigilance &#40;ENCePP&#41;&#44; Register Number EUPAS10679&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Population</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The inclusion criteria included&#58; age over 40 years&#44; spirometry-defined COPD &#40;i&#46;e&#46; post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second &#40;FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#41;&#47;forced vital capacity &#40;FVC&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;7&#41;&#44; current or ex-smoker of at least 10 pack-years and being in a stable clinical state at the screening visit&#46; Patients were excluded if they&#58; &#40;1&#41; had any chronic concomitant respiratory condition other than asthma or bronchiectasis&#59; &#40;2&#41; were unable to understand the instructions of the study or fill in the questionnaires&#59; &#40;3&#41; had severe comorbidity with a life expectancy shorter than 2 years&#59; or &#40;4&#41; were participating in another clinical study or clinical trial&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Definition of control</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A patient was considered controlled when COPD had a low impact and was clinically stable&#44; after adjustment for the severity of the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Impact was classified as low or high according to the information collected in sputum &#40;presence and color&#41;&#44; breathlessness &#40;mMRC&#41;&#44; daily physical activity and use of rescue medication&#46; Evaluation of impact was adjusted fordisease severity according to the FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#46; Patients with a FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#40;&#37;&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; predicted were classified as mild&#47;moderate and those with FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#40;&#37;&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37; as severe&#46; Stability was defined as the absence of moderate or severe exacerbations in the previous 3 months &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Absolute frequencies and percentages were used for comparisons of qualitative variables&#46; The description of quantitative variables was performed using the mean and standard deviation &#40;SD&#41;&#46; The Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of distributions&#46; In the case of quantitative variables&#44; comparison of the characteristics among groups was carried out using the Student t-test &#40;Mann&#8211;Whitney <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">U</span>-test if normality was not assumed&#41;&#46; The Chi-squared test &#40;Fisher test for frequencies<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5&#41; was employed for the comparison of categorical variables&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with the independent variable being persistent control status and dependent variables all other demographic and clinical variables&#44; excluding those already used to describe control status&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Odd ratios with 95&#37; confidence intervals &#40;CI&#41; were used to assess the risk of an outcome in the 6 months after an uncontrolled visit compared to a controlled visit&#46; For all the tests <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-values<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 were considered statistically significant&#46; The statistical package R Studio &#40;V2&#46;5&#46;1&#41; was used for the statistical analyses&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Results</span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Population</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 349 patients were screened&#44; 303 &#40;87&#37;&#41; of whom fulfilled all the inclusion and exclusion criteria and could be evaluated for control status at the baseline visit &#40;V0&#41;&#46; The mean age was 68&#46;6 years &#40;SD<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#46;7&#93;&#44; 73&#46;9&#37; were male&#44; the mean CAT score was 14&#46;4 &#40;8&#46;6&#41; and the mean FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#40;&#37;&#41; was 52&#46;5&#37; &#40;18&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; During the 18-month follow-up&#44; 26 patients were lost&#44; and 10 patients died&#46; The characteristics of the whole population and the flow chart of the study have been described in detail in a previous publication&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Control status at baseline and during follow-up</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At baseline&#44; 197 &#40;65&#37;&#41; patients were classified as controlled&#44; 68&#46;5&#37; being mild&#47;moderate and 59&#46;3&#37; severe COPD patients&#46; Of them&#44; 128 &#40;65&#37;&#41; persisted controlled at 6 months&#44; 106 &#40;84&#37; or 54&#37; of the initial 197&#41; at 12 months and 80 &#40;75&#46;4&#37; or 40&#46;6&#37; of the initial 197&#41; at 18 months&#46; From the 106 &#40;35&#37;&#41; uncontrolled at baseline&#44; 70 &#40;66&#37;&#41; persisted uncontrolled at 6 months&#44; 54 &#40;77&#37; or 51&#37; of the initial 106&#41; at 12 months and 43 &#40;79&#46;6&#37; or 40&#46;5&#37; of the initial 106&#41; at 18 months&#46; Therefore&#44; at the end of the 18-month follow-up&#44; 80 &#40;29&#46;8&#37;&#41; patients remained controlled&#44; 43 &#40;16&#37;&#41; persistently uncontrolled and the remaining 144 &#40;53&#46;7&#37;&#41; changed control status during follow-up &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Characteristics of patients and outcomes according to changes in control status during follow-up</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the univariate analysis&#44; there were significant differences in several variables among patients who were persistently controlled&#44; had variable control status and were persistently uncontrolled &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; Persistently uncontrolled patients were more frequently women&#44; with a higher BMI&#44; more bronchiectasis&#44; worse dyspnea and lung function parameters&#44; more moderate or severe exacerbations in the previous year&#44; few minutes walked per day and worse BODEx and CAT scores&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The same trends were observed for outcomes during follow-up in persistently controlled patients not presenting any exacerbation &#40;by definition&#41; and persistently uncontrolled patients presenting a significantly higher number of all types of exacerbations compared with patients with variable control status &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Multivariate analysis showed that the characteristics independently and significantly associated with persistent control status were male sex&#44; a lower &#40;not increased&#41; BMI and a better FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#40;&#37;&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Short-term outcomes after each visit according to control status</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the 874 clinical visits with a 6-month follow-up that were valid for analysis of short-term outcomes&#44; 511&#40;58&#46;4&#37;&#41; fulfilled the criteria of controlled and 363 &#40;41&#46;5&#37;&#41; were considered uncontrolled&#46; All the outcomes were more frequent during the 6 months after an uncontrolled patient visit compared to the controlled patient visits &#40;10&#46;9&#37; and 4&#37;&#44; respectively with an emergency room visit and 40&#46;4&#37; and 16&#46;6&#37;&#44; respectively with an ambulatory exacerbation&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001 for both&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#41;&#46; There were 10 deaths&#44; 3 &#40;0&#46;6&#37;&#41; after controlled patient and 7 &#40;1&#46;9&#37;&#41; after uncontrolled patient visits&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Uncontrolled patient visits resulted in a highly significant increased risk of poor outcomes during the next 6 months with an OR between 2&#46;94 for emergency visits to 4&#46;25 for hospitalizations due to exacerbations compared with controlled patient visits &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We investigated whether having an exacerbation in the previous 3 months &#40;instability&#41; could offer the same predictive value as the control status&#46; Odds ratios for the different outcomes were also significant but of lower magnitude than those of the control status &#40;data not shown&#41;&#46; However&#44; there were 119 visits &#40;32&#46;8&#37; of those classified as uncontrolled&#41; that did not have an exacerbation in the previous 3 months and therefore would have been missed as uncontrolled if only the criteria of previous exacerbation had been used&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Discussion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to the previously defined control criteria&#44; more than half of the population of our study was classified as controlled at baseline&#59; however&#44; the control status changed frequently during the 18-month follow-up&#46; Only 30&#37; of patients remained controlled and 16&#37; persistently uncontrolled throughout the observation period&#44; while the control status changed in 54&#37; of patients during follow-up&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients who remained controlled over the course of the study were more frequently men&#44; with a normal &#40;not increased&#41; BMI and with a more preserved FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#40;&#37;&#41;&#46; Uncontrolled status had a great predictive value for adverse outcomes with 3-fold higher risk of an emergency room visit for an exacerbation&#44; a 3&#46;4-fold increased risk of an ambulatory exacerbation and a 4-fold increased risk of hospitalization during the next 6 months&#46; These results suggest that lack of control is a useful warning sign that should prompt investigation of the causes and intervention in order to minimize the short-term risk of exacerbations&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Control is a term frequently used to describe a status in which the disease has a minimal impact on the health status of the patient and the prognosis is the best possible&#46; Intuitively&#44; when a chronic disease is uncontrolled it should require more careful evaluation and action taking to improve the symptoms and&#47;or prognosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#44;18</span></a> This concept has been very well established in asthma<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> but has been elusive in COPD for a variety of reasons&#44; mainly because of a lack of control standard&#46; Since COPD is defined as a chronic&#44; progressive&#44; and non fully reversible airflow limitation&#44; control cannot be defined as the normalization of lung function and disappearance of symptoms and exacerbations&#46; Instead&#44; we need to define a tool that includes some easy to obtain clinical characteristics with meaningful thresholds adjusted for severity&#44; that allow the identification of &#8220;uncontrolled&#8221; patients and which has prognostic value for relevant outcomes&#46; Control in COPD was initially defined as including two dimensions&#58; impact and stability&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and the criteria were refined and validated in subsequent prospective studies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8&#44;19&#44;20</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The criteria selected are easy to obtain at each clinical visit and basically consist in variables that patients should be questioned about&#44; such as the level of dyspnea&#44; sputum production and characteristics&#44; the level of physical activity and the use of rescue medication&#44; in addition to the history of previous moderate or severe exacerbations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> Using the thresholds derived from previous studies&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> it has been demonstrated that control status is a good predictor of long-term outcomes&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;19&#44;20</span></a> and that control evaluation based on clinical data is a better predictor than the definition of control based on CAT scores&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a> Therefore&#44; we used these clinical criteria in the current analysis&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The last revision of the GOLD strategic document separated&#44; for the first time&#44; the recommendations for initial treatment of COPD and changes in treatment based on a reassessment of the patients in subsequent visits&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In this context&#44; the control evaluation can be a useful tool to reassess the clinical status of the patients and their future risks&#46; A previous study using the same criteria of control demonstrated that the control tool is more sensitive to changes in the clinical status of the patient than changes in phenotype&#44; the level of risk according to the Spanish COPD guidelines&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> or the GOLD A-D classification frequently used to guide therapy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> In addition&#44; changes in control status were clinically relevant because they resulted in changes in health status over a period of only 3 months&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> However&#44; the importance of the evaluation of control status at each clinical visit was not demonstrated&#46; In this study&#44; we observed that the control status of the patients frequently changes in subsequent clinical visits separated by 6 months&#44; and more importantly&#44; after an uncontrolled patient visit&#44; the risk of having a moderate or severe exacerbation in the following 6 months is increased by 3&#8211;4-fold according to the type of episode&#46; This increased risk justifies the use of control evaluation as a warning sign to foster more careful evaluation of the patients and the adoption of therapeutic measures according to the results of these investigations&#46; In contrast&#44; if the patient fulfills the criteria of control during a clinical visit&#44; we may be quite confident that the risk of an adverse outcome during the next months is low&#46; Therefore&#44; the control status could be used to reduce or extend the time period between routine follow-up visits&#44; with uncontrolled patients probably requiring more frequent appointments compared to controlled patients&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Regarding the limitations of the present study&#44; it is important to consider that control status does not provide any specific diagnosis&#59; a patient may be uncontrolled for a variety of reasons&#46; The uncontrolled status is only an alert to take action but does not tell us what action to take&#46; However&#44; the control tool can be an excellent reminder to the clinician about the questions that COPD patients must be asked at each clinical visit and provide a simple prognostic tool&#46; Only one quarter of the population were women&#44; so extrapolation of the results to women must be made with caution&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of the current study are in agreement with those of previous studies demonstrating the predictive value of control status&#46; The results obtained in our study highlight the significantly increased risk of moderate or severe exacerbations during the following 6 months in patients classified as uncontrolled&#46; If these results are confirmed in other cohorts&#44; control criteria should be incorporated into clinical practice as a simple to use tool to help reassess COPD patients at each follow-up visit&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Conceptualization&#58; MM&#44; VC&#44; AK&#44; DBP&#46; Data curation&#58; MM&#44; CE&#44; AK&#46; Data acquisition&#58; MM&#44; PS&#44; CKR&#44; RWC&#44; VC&#44; JHYT&#44; TSL&#44; BA&#44; CG&#44; JLG-R&#44; AT&#44; MR-R&#46; Formal analysis&#58; MM&#44; CE&#44; AK&#46; Funding acquisition&#58; MM&#44; DBP&#46; Investigation&#58; MM&#44; PS&#44; CKR&#44; RWC&#44; VC&#44; JHYT&#44; TSL&#44; BA&#44; CG&#44; JLG-R&#44; AT&#44; MR-R&#44; JJS-C&#44; DBP&#46; Project administration&#58; MM&#44; AK&#44; DBP&#46; Writing-original draft&#58; MM&#46; Writing-review and editing&#58; PS&#44; CKR&#44; RWC&#44; VC&#44; JHYT&#44; TSL&#44; BA&#44; CG&#44; JLG-R&#44; AT&#44; MR-R&#44; JJS-C&#44; DBP&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Funding</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study was funded by an unrestricted grant from <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs1">Novartis AG</span>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MM has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Chiesi&#44; Cipla&#44; Menarini&#44; Rovi&#44; Bial&#44; Sandoz&#44; Zambon&#44; CSL Behring&#44; Grifols and Novartis&#44; consulting fees from AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Chiesi&#44; GlaxoSmithKline&#44; Bial&#44; Gebro Pharma&#44; Kamada&#44; CSL Behring&#44; Laboratorios Esteve&#44; Ferrer&#44; Mereo Biopharma&#44; Verona Pharma&#44; TEVA&#44; pH Pharma&#44; Novartis&#44; Sanofi and Grifols and research grants from GlaxoSmithKline and Grifols&#46; PS has received speaker fees from Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Chiesi&#44; GlaxoSmithKline&#44; Grifols&#44; Novartis&#44; Roche and Teva&#44; and consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; GlaxoSmithKline&#44; Chiesi&#44; Grifols&#44; Novartis and Roche&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CK Rhee received consulting&#47;lecture fees from MSD&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Novartis&#44; GSK&#44; Takeda&#44; Mundipharma&#44; Sandoz&#44; Boehringer-Ingelheim&#44; and Teva-Handok&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">RWC has board membership with GSK&#44; Aerogen&#44; Novartis&#44; and Teva Pharmaceuticals&#59; consultancy agreements with&#44; Aerogen&#44; GlaxoSmithKline&#44; Novartis&#44; Teva Pharmaceuticals&#44; and Vitalograph as well as grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies from Vitalograph&#44; Aerogen and GlaxoSmithKline&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">TL has received speaker and consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; GlaxoSmithKline&#44; AstraZeneca and Novartis&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">BA reports grants and personal fees from GSK&#44; grants&#44; personal fees and non-financial support from Novartis AG&#44; personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim and Chiesi&#44; grants&#44; personal fees and non-financial support from Laboratorios Menarini&#44; personal fees from Gebro&#44; Astra- Zeneca&#44; Laboratorios Rovi and Laboratorios Ferrer&#44; outside the submitted work&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">JJSC has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Chiesi&#44; Esteve&#44; Ferrer&#44; GSK&#44; Menarini&#44; Novartis&#44; and Pfizer&#44; and consulting fees from AirLiquide&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Chiesi&#44; GSK&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Ferrer and Novartis&#46;</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">DBP has board membership with Amgen&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Chiesi&#44; Circassia&#44; Mylan&#44; Mundipharma&#44; Novartis&#44; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals&#44; Sanofi Genzyme&#44; Teva Pharmaceuticals&#44; Thermofisher&#59; consultancy agreements with Amgen&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Chiesi&#44; GlaxoSmithKline&#44; Mylan&#44; Mundipharma&#44; Novartis&#44; Pfizer&#44; Teva Pharmaceuticals&#44; Theravance&#59; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies &#40;conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd&#41; from AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Chiesi&#44; Circassia&#44; Mylan&#44; Mundipharma&#44; Novartis&#44; Pfizer&#44; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals&#44; Respiratory Effectiveness Group&#44; Sanofi Genzyme&#44; Teva Pharmaceuticals&#44; Theravance&#44; UK National Health Service&#59; payment for lectures&#47;speaking engagements from AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Chiesi&#44; Cipla&#44; GlaxoSmithKline&#44; Kyorin&#44; Mylan&#44; Mundipharma&#44; Novartis&#44; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals&#44; Sanofi Genzyme&#44; Teva Pharmaceuticals&#59; payment for the development of educational materials from Mundipharma&#44; Novartis&#59; payment for travel&#47;accommodation&#47;meeting expenses from AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Mundipharma&#44; Mylan&#44; Novartism&#44; Thermofisher&#59; funding for patient enrolment or completion of research from Novartis&#59; stock&#47;stock options from AKL Research and Development Ltd which produces phytopharmaceuticals&#59; owns 74&#37; of the social enterprise Optimum Patient Care Ltd &#40;Australia and UK&#41; and 74&#37; of Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd &#40;Singapore&#41;&#59; and is peer reviewer for grant committees of the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme&#44; and Health Technology Assessment&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AT has participated as a member of the local COPD advisory board for Astra Zeneca&#44; GlaxoSmithKline&#44; Bayer&#44; Takeda and Novartis and has received meeting&#47;conference travel grants from Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Novartis&#44; Astra Zeneca and GlaxoSmithKline&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">JGR has received speaker fees from Novartis&#44; GSK&#44; Boehringer-Ingelheim&#44; AstraZeneca&#44; Chiesi&#44; ALK&#44; Teva&#44; Menarini&#44; Rovi&#44; Esteve and Pfizer&#59; and consulting fees from Novartis&#44; GSK&#44; Astra-Zeneca&#44; Teva&#44; Boehringer-Ingelheim&#44; ALK and Esteve&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">MRR has received speaker fees from AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; Chiesi&#44; Gebro Pharma&#44; GlaxoSmithKline&#44; Menarini&#44; Mundipharma&#44; Novartis&#44; Pfizer and Teva&#44; and consulting fees from AstraZeneca&#44; Boehringer Ingelheim&#44; GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Characteristics of patients and outcomes according to changes in control status during follow-up"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2020-04-26"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2020-06-12"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Introduction</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Control status may be a useful tool to assess response to treatment at each clinical visit in COPD&#46; Control status has demonstrated to have long-term predictive value for exacerbations&#44; but there is no information about the short-term predictive value of the lack of control and changes in control status over time&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Method</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Prospective&#44; international&#44; multicenter study aimed at describing the short-term &#40;6 months&#41; prognostic value of control status in patients with COPD&#46; Patients with COPD were classified as controlled&#47;uncontrolled at baseline and at 3&#44;6-month follow-up visits using previously validated criteria of control&#46; Moderate and severe exacerbation rates were compared between controlled and uncontrolled visits and between patients persistently controlled&#44; uncontrolled and those changing control status over follow-up&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 267 patients were analyzed&#58; 80 &#40;29&#46;8&#37;&#41; were persistently controlled&#44; 43 &#40;16&#37;&#41; persistently uncontrolled and 144 &#40;53&#46;7&#37;&#41; changed control status during follow-up&#46; Persistently controlled patients were more frequently men&#44; with lower &#40;not increased&#41; body mass index and higher FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#40;&#37;&#41;&#46; During the 6 months following an uncontrolled patient visit the odds ratio &#40;OR&#41; for presenting a moderate exacerbation was 3&#46;41 &#40;95&#37; confidence interval &#40;CI&#41; 2&#46;47&#8211;4&#46;69&#41; and OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#46;25 &#40;95&#37;CI 2&#46;48&#8211;7&#46;27&#41; for hospitalization compared with a controlled patient visit&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evaluation of control status at each clinical visit provides relevant prognostic information about the risk of exacerbation in the next 6 months&#46; Lack of control is a warning signal that should prompt investigation and action in order to achieve control status&#46;</p></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estado de control de la enfermedad puede ser una herramienta &#250;til para evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento de la EPOC en cada asistencia a consulta&#46; El estado de control de la enfermedad ha demostrado tener valor predictivo a largo plazo para las exacerbaciones&#44; pero no existe informaci&#243;n sobre el valor predictivo a corto plazo de la falta de control de la EPOC y los cambios en dicho control a lo largo del tiempo&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudio prospectivo&#44; internacional&#44; multic&#233;ntrico enfocado en describir el valor pron&#243;stico a corto plazo &#40;6 meses&#41; del estado de control de la enfermedad en pacientes con EPOC&#46; Los pacientes con EPOC se clasificaron como con enfermedad controlada&#47;sin controlar al inicio del estudio y en las 3 visitas de seguimiento separadas 6 meses&#44; utilizando criterios de control previamente validados&#46; Se compararon las tasas de exacerbaci&#243;n moderada y grave entre visitas en las que la enfermedad estaba controlada y aquellas en las que no y entre pacientes con control persistente de la enfermedad&#44; pacientes sin control de la enfermedad y aquellos cuyo estado de control cambi&#243; durante el seguimiento&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Resultados</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analiz&#243; a un total de 267 pacientes&#58; 80 &#40;29&#44;8&#37;&#41; presentaron control persistente de la enfermedad&#44; 43 &#40;16&#37;&#41; permanecieron con enfermedad no controlada de manera persistente y 144 &#40;53&#44;7&#37;&#41; presentaron un cambio en el estado de control de su EPOC durante el seguimiento&#46; Los pacientes con control persistente de su enfermedad fueron con mayor frecuencia hombres&#44; con un &#237;ndice de masa corporal m&#225;s bajo &#40;no elevado&#41; y un FEV1 &#40;&#37;&#41; m&#225;s alto&#46; Durante los 6 meses posteriores a una visita en la que la enfermedad del paciente no estaba controlada&#44; la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">odds ratio</span> &#40;OR&#41; para presentar una exacerbaci&#243;n moderada fue de 3&#44;41 &#40;intervalo de confianza &#91;IC&#93; del 95&#37;&#58; 2&#44;47 a 4&#44;69&#41; y la OR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#44;25 &#40;IC del 95&#37;&#58; 2&#44;48 a 7&#44;27&#41; para la hospitalizaci&#243;n&#44; en comparaci&#243;n con una visita en la que la EPOC estaba controlada&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La evaluaci&#243;n del estado de control de la EPOC en cada asistencia a consulta proporciona informaci&#243;n pron&#243;stica relevante sobre el riesgo de exacerbaci&#243;n en los pr&#243;ximos 6 meses&#46; La falta de control es una se&#241;al de alarma que debe motivar la investigaci&#243;n y la acci&#243;n para lograr el control de la enfermedad&#46;</p></span>"
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#8211;1 if FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;0&#8211;2 if FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>50&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Rescue medication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8804;3 times&#47;week&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sputum color&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">White or absent&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Physical activity&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8805;30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#47;day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clinical stability</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Moderate or severe exacerbations in the last 3 months&#46;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">None&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Control</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Low impact<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#43;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>stability&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab2509591.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Control criteria with adjustment of severity according to FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#37;&#46;</p>"
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      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Footnote&#58; BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; ACO&#58; asthma-COPD overlap&#59; mMRC&#58; modified Medical Research council dyspnea scale&#59; FVC&#58; forced vital capacity&#59; FEV1&#58; forced expiratory volume in 1 second&#59; BODEx&#58; body mass index&#44; obstruction&#44; dyspnea and exacerbations index&#59; CAT&#58; COPD Assessment Test&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">All patients&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>267&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Always controlled&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable control&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>144&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Always uncontrolled&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age&#44; years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;3 &#40;8&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;5 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;3 &#40;8&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">68&#46;1 &#40;8&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;916&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Men&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">196 &#40;73&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">72 &#40;90&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">102 &#40;70&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22 &#40;51&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Active smokers&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">71 &#40;26&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">18 &#40;22&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">42 &#40;29&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11 &#40;25&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;549&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pack-years&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;6 &#40;30&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">43&#46;5 &#40;24&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">47&#46;8 &#40;31&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">54&#46;5 &#40;35&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;390&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BMI &#40;kg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;7 &#40;5&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#46;3 &#40;5&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26&#46;9 &#40;5&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28&#46;7 &#40;5&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Chronic bronchitis&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">136 &#40;59&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">46 &#40;60&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">66 &#40;57&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">24 &#40;64&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;829&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Emphysema&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">175 &#40;77&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">61 &#40;80&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88 &#40;77&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;70&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ACO&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;609&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bronchiectasis&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10 &#40;23&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Charlson index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;0 &#40;1&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;261&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">mMRC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;9 &#40;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FVC&#44; mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2945 &#40;892&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2581 &#40;712&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">FVC &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">FEV1&#44; mL&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1512 &#40;582&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1711 &#40;607&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1466 &#40;573&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1302 &#40;459&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">FEV1 &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">53&#46;0 &#40;17&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">50&#46;5 &#40;16&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Exacerbations in the previous year&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;6 &#40;3&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">BODEx index&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;3 &#40;1&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;5 &#40;1&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;4 &#40;1&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;2 &#40;1&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">CAT score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">14&#46;2 &#40;7&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;8 &#40;5&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">13&#46;7 &#40;7&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">22&#46;3 &#40;7&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Minutes walked&#47;day&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">88&#46;0 &#40;72&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">104&#46;5 &#40;75&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">87&#46;5 &#40;74&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">58&#46;8 &#40;52&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients according to control status at the different follow-up visits&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Outcomes during follow-up&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">All patients&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>271&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Always controlled&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variable control&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>144&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Always uncontrolled&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Combined event&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">152 &#40;56&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">109 &#40;75&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;93&#46;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Combined event&#44; mean &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;7 &#40;2&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;9 &#40;2&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;2 &#40;3&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hospitalization&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">48 &#40;17&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">28 &#40;19&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">19 &#40;44&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hospitalization&#44; mean &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;8 &#40;1&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Emergency&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41 &#40;15&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">26 &#40;18&#46;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14 &#40;32&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Emergency&#44; mean &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;3 &#40;0&#46;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;7 &#40;1&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ambulatory exacerbations&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">136 &#40;50&#46;2&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">97 &#40;67&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">36 &#40;83&#46;7&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ambulatory exacerbations&#44; mean &#40;SD&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;1 &#40;1&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;2 &#40;1&#46;3&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;7 &#40;2&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Outcomes over the 18-month follow-up of COPD patients according to control status at the different follow-up visits&#46; Exacerbations&#44; emergency visits and hospitalisations are caused by COPD&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      6 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Footnote&#58; OR&#58; odds ratio&#59; CI&#58; confidence interval&#59; BMI&#58; body mass index&#59; ACO&#58; asthma-COPD overlap&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#58; forced expiratory volume in 1 second&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Men&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;93 &#40;0&#46;88&#8211;0&#46;98&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Chronic bronchitis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;04 &#40;0&#46;59&#8211;1&#46;83&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;893&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Emphysema&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;32 &#40;0&#46;67&#8211;2&#46;59&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;421&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ACO&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;43 &#40;0&#46;62&#8211;3&#46;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;399&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bronchiectasis&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;93 &#40;0&#46;93&#8211;3&#46;99&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;077&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Charlson index &#40;&#43;1&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;09 &#40;1&#46;04&#8211;1&#46;14&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;07 &#40;1&#46;02&#8211;1&#46;12&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Number of visits with outcome during the next 6 months&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">OR &#40;95&#37;CI&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span> value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Controlled visits&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>511&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Uncontrolled visits&#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>363&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Combined event&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">105 &#40;20&#46;5&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">169 &#40;46&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;37 &#40;2&#46;50&#8211;4&#46;54&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hospitalization&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;15&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;25 &#40;2&#46;48&#8211;7&#46;27&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Emergency visits&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20 &#40;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;10&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;94 &#40;1&#46;68&#8211;5&#46;16&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ambulatory exacerbations&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83 &#40;16&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">137 &#40;40&#46;4&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;41 &#40;2&#46;47&#8211;4&#46;69&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Deaths &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;0&#46;6&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;1&#46;9&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;33 &#40;0&#46;86&#8211;12&#46;96&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;083&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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