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Vol. 45. Issue S6.
Hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica
Pages 2-5 (June 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue S6.
Hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica
Pages 2-5 (June 2009)
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Aspectos epidemiológicos de la hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica
Epidemiological aspects in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
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Aitor Ballaz Quincoces, Mikel Oribe Ibáñez
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MIKELAINGERU.ORIBEIBANEZ@osakidetza.net

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Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Galdakao-Usánsolo, Galdakao, España
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La hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica (HPTEC), es una enfermedad grave, de muy mal pronóstico y con una supervivencia muy baja en pacientes no tratados o tratados únicamente con anticoagulación. Su verdadera incidencia y prevalencia se desconocen en la actualidad y se estima que probablemente sea una enfermedad infradiagnosticada. Los datos existentes hablan de cifras de incidencia que van desde el 0,1 al 3,8%. Las últimas investigaciones y trabajos publicados nos hacen reflexionar sobre la necesidad de conocer, no sólo la incidencia de la HPTEC en los pacientes sintomáticos sino también en los pacientes asintomáticos que posteriormente la desarrollan, así como en el resto de los casos en los que el episodio tromboembólico venoso se presenta de forma asintomática. Hay diferentes factores de riesgo asociados a una mayor predisposición para el desarrollo de HPTEC (edad avanzada, extensión en la localización de la obstrucción, presión pulmonar sistólica elevada, así como numerosas condiciones clínicas). Lo que sí parece claro, es que en estos últimos años, gracias a los avances experimentados en el manejo de la HPTEC, puede que el curso evolutivo y pronóstico de esta enfermedad esté sufriendo un cambio importante, convirtiéndose en una enfermedad crónica tratable.

Palabras clave:
Hipertensión pulmonar tromboembólica crónica
Embolismo pulmonar crónico
Incidencia
Prevalencia
Mortalidad
Epidemiología
Factores de riesgo
Tromboendarterectomía
Abstract

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a serious disease with a very poor prognosis and extremely low survival in untreated patients or in those treated with anticoagulation alone. The true incidence and prevalence of CTEPH is currently unknown and the disease is probably underdiagnosed. Current data indicate that the incidence ranges from 0.1% to 3.8%. The latest research and reported studies reveal the need to determine not only the incidence of CTEPH in symptomatic patients but also in asymptomatic patients who subsequently develop the disease, as well as in the remaining patients with an asymptomatic venous thromboembolic event. Several risk factors are associated with a greater predisposition to CTEPH (advanced age, extensive obstruction, elevated systolic pulmonary pressure, and numerous clinical conditions).

Due to advances made in the management of CTEPH in the last few years, the clinical course and prognosis and of this disease may be undergoing a major change and CTEPH may become a chronic, treatable disease.

Keywords:
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Chronic pulmonary embolism
Incidence
Prevalence
Mortality
Epidemiology
Risk factors
Thromboendarterectomy
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