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Vol. 39. Issue 9.
Pages 382-386 (September 2003)
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Vol. 39. Issue 9.
Pages 382-386 (September 2003)
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Pronóstico de la tuberculosis pulmonar mono y polirresistente en la ciudad de Santa Cruz (Bolivia)
Prognosis of Mono– and Polydrug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis in the City of Santa Cruz, Bolivia
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J.E. Ollé Goiga,
Corresponding author
olleuganda@yahoo.com

Correspondencia: P.O. Box 3017. Kampala. Uganda
, R. Sandyb
a Asociación Catalana para el Control de la Tuberculosis en el Tercer Mundo (Actmon). Barcelona. España. Antiguo representante de la Asociación Alemana de Ayuda al Enfermo con Lepra (Dahw) en Bolivia
b Centros Broncopulmonares de la Cruz Roja/Kuratorium Tuberkulose in der Welt. Santa Cruz. Bolivia
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Objetivo

Evaluar el resultado del tratamiento de los enfermos con tuberculosis (TB) pulmonar resistente a un fármaco anti-TB (monorresistentes [MR]) o a más de un fármaco (polirresistentes [PR]), con exclusión de los enfermos con resistencia conjunta a isoniacida más rifampicina (multifarmacorresistentes).

Pacientes Y Método

Análisis retrospectivo de todos los registros de los enfermos con TB pulmonar, diagnosticados en un servicio de atención ambulatoria en la ciudad de Santa Cruz (Bolivia) durante el período 1983-1993, que presentaban en el primer cultivo MR o PR y que iniciaron tratamiento en dicho servicio.

Resultados

Identificamos a 368 pacientes: 276 (75%) MR y 92 (25%) PR. Había 164 pacientes nuevos entre los MR (59%) y 41 (45%) entre los PR (p < 0,05). En los enfermos PR había 165 varones (68%) y la edad media ± DE era de 31,5 ± 14,2 años; en los pacientes MR había 50 varones (54%) y la edad media era de 29,4 ± 13,4 años. Once pacientes (3%) experimentaron un cambio en el tipo de resistencia (MR: 7 [3%]; PR: 4 [4%]) y en 119 (32%) se modificó el régimen terapéutico inicial (MR: 84 [30%]; PR: 35 [38%]). Curaron 196 pacientes MR (71%) y 56 PR (61%) (p > 0,05); no hubo diferencias significativas en ninguno de los dos grupos en la tasa de curación de enfermos nuevos y enfermos tratados previamente. Abandonaron 73 pacientes MR (26%) y 35 PR (38%) (p < 0,05).

Conclusiones

Las tasas de curación en los enfermos que presentaron MR y PR fueron parecidas a las de los enfermos sensibles; no hubo diferencias significativas entre los enfermos nuevos y los ya tratados. Las bajas tasas de curación fueron debidas al elevado número de abandonos. Sin la administración de un régimen supervisado es probable que no se puedan mejorar dichas tasas en la ciudad de Santa Cruz (Bolivia).

Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis
Resistencia
Bolivia
Objective

To evaluate the results of treatment in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) resistant to one antituberculosis drug (single drug resistance [SDR]) or to more than one drug (polyresistance [PDR]), excluding patients with resistance to the combination of isoniazid and rifampicin (multidrug resistance).

Patients And Method

Retrospective review of all the records of patients with pulmonary TB diagnosed in an outpatient clinic in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, from 1983 through 1993 whose first cultures were SDR or PDR and who were started on treatment in the clinic.

Results

We identified 368 patients: 276 (75%) with SDR TB and 92 (25%) with PDR TB. There were 164 new patients among the SDR cases (59%) and 41 (45%) among the PDR cases (P < .05). The mean (SD) age of PDR patients was 31.5 (14.2) years and there were 165 (68%) males. The mean age of SDR patients was 29.4 (13.4) years and there were 50 (54%) males. Eleven patients (3%) experienced a change in the type of resistance (SDR: 7 [3%]; PDR: 4 [4%]) and in 119 cases (32%) the initial treatment regimen was changed (SDR: 84 [30%]; PDR: 35 [38%]). One hundred ninety-six SDR patients (71%) and 56 PDR patients (61%) were cured (P > .05). There were no significant differences in the cure rates in either of the 2 groups between new patients and patients with a history of previous treatment. Seventy-three SDR (26%) and 35 PDR patients (38%) failed to complete treatment (P < .05).

Conclusions

The cure rates among patients who presented with SDR TB and PDR TB were similar to those of drug-sensitive patients; there were no significant differences between new and previously treated patients. The low cure rates were due to the high number of patients who abandoned treatment. Unless a system of therapy administered under supervision is set up it is not likely that these figures can be improved in Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Key words:
Tuberculosis
Resistance
Bolivia
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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