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Vol. 39. Issue 9.
Pages 387-393 (September 2003)
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Vol. 39. Issue 9.
Pages 387-393 (September 2003)
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Moxifloxacino frente a amoxicilina en el tratamiento de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en América Latina. Resultados de un ensayo clínico multicéntrico
A Comparison of Moxifloxacin and Amoxicillin in the Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Latin America: Results of a Multicenter Clinical Trial
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J.R. Jardima, G. Ricob, C. de la Rozac, E. Obispod, J. Uruetae, M. Wolfff, M. Miravitllesc,
Corresponding author
marcm@clinic.ub.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Neumología (UVIR, escalera 2, planta 3). Hospital Clínic. Villarroel, 170. 08036 Barcelona. España
, Grupo de Estudio Latinoamericano Cap 5 *
a Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo. Brasil
b Centro Médico Nacional La Raza. Ciudad de México. México
c Institut Clínic de Pneumologia i Cirurgia Toràcica. Idibaps. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. España
d Hospital General Tijuana. Tijuana. México
e INER. Ciudad de México. México
f Fundación Arriarán. Santiago de Chile. Chile
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La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) es una infección frecuente y con una alta morbilidad, por lo que es importante disponer de datos relativos a su etiología y la susceptibilidad a antibióticos en diversas áreas geográficas. En el presente trabajo se recoge la experiencia en 5 países de América Latina participantes en un ensayo clínico internacional que evaluó la eficacia y seguridad del tratamiento con moxifloxacino o amoxicilina, ambos durante 10 días, en pacientes con sospecha de NAC por neumococo. Se detallan los gérmenes aislados, los patrones de sensibilidad a los antibióticos y los resultados clínicos y microbiológicos obtenidos.

Se incluyó a un total de 84 pacientes, de los cuales 70 (83,3%) fueron evaluables para determinar la eficacia y seguridad al final del período de tratamiento. Se aislaron grampositivos en muestras de 29 pacientes (80,5%), Streptococcus pneumoniae en 28 casos (77,7%) y gramnegativos en 7 (19,4%), siendo el aislamiento más común Haemophilus influenzae en tres pacientes (8,3%). Se documentó la presencia de microorganismos atípicos en 18 de 70 pacientes (25%), sobre todo Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n=11) y en 6 casos (8,5%) la infección fue mixta. Diez cepas de S. pneumoniae (35,7%) demostraron ser susceptibles a la penicilina, dos (7,1%) mostraron alta resistencia y 16 (57,1%), resistencia intermedia. La tasa de éxito clínico en la visita final del tratamiento fue del 94,1% para el moxifloxacino y del 91,7% para la amoxicilina.

Los resultados del presente estudio demuestran una elevada prevalencia de S. pneumoniae con susceptibilidad reducida a la penicilina en pacientes con NAC en América Latina. Así mismo se encontró una elevada incidencia de gérmenes atípicos y un 8,6% de los pacientes presentó una infección mixta. Estos datos deben valorarse al establecer las pautas de tratamiento empírico para la NAC en América Latina.

Palabras clave:
Neumonía
Tratamiento
Antibióticos
Resistencia
Neumococo

Since community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common disease with a high morbidity rate, it is important to obtain information concerning its etiology and susceptibility to antibiotics across different geographic areas. This study presents data obtained in 5 Latin American counties in the course of an international clinical trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of treatment with either moxifloxacin or amoxicillin administered for 10 days to patients suspected of having CAP caused by a pneumococcal infection. Details are given of the pathogens identified, the patterns of sensitivity to antibiotics observed, and the clinical and microbiological results obtained.

A total of 84 patients were studied, of whom 70 (83.3%) were evaluated at the end of the trial to determine the efficacy and safety of the treatment received. Gram-positive bacteria were found in samples from 29 patients (80.5%). The pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae in 28 of those cases (77.7%). Gram-negative bacteria were found in 7 patients (19.4%), the most common being Haemophilus influenzae in 3 patients (8.3%). The presence of atypical microorganisms was detected in 18 of the 70 patients (25%), mainly Mycobacterium pneumoniae (n=11), and in 6 cases (8.5%) the infection was mixed. Ten strains of S. pneumoniae (35.7%) were shown to be susceptible to penicillin, 2 (7.1%) were highly resistant, and 16 (57.1%) showed moderate resistance. The clinical success rate at the final visit after treatment was 94.1% for moxifloxacin and 91.7% for amoxicillin. The results of this trial demonstrate a high prevalence of S. pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to penicillin in patients with CAP in Latin America. It also revealed a high incidence of atypical pathogens and mixed infection in 8.6% of patients. This information should be taken into account when establishing protocols for empirical treatment of CAP in Latin America.

Key words:
Pneumonia
Treatment
Antibiotics
Resistance
Pneumococcus
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El presente estudio ha sido financiado por Bayer AG

El resto de los integrantes del Grupo de Estudio Latinoamericano CAP 5 se presenta en el anexo.

Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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