Journal Information
Vol. 39. Issue 9.
Pages 405-408 (September 2003)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 39. Issue 9.
Pages 405-408 (September 2003)
Full text access
El ruido monótono no afecta a las capacidades cognitivas en pacientes con síndrome de apnea del sueño
Steady Car Engine Noise Does Not Affect the Cognitive Abilities of Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients
Visits
8253
L.R. Mayoralas, F. Barbé, A. Muñoz, A.G.N. Agustí
Corresponding author
aagusti@hsd.es

Correspondencia: Servei de Pneumologia. Hospital Universitari Son Dureta. Andrea Doria, 55. 07014 Palma de Mallorca. España
Servei Pneumologia. Hospital Universitari Son Dureta. Palma de Mallorca. Illes Balears. España
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics

Los accidentes de tráfico son más frecuentes en pacientes con síndrome de apnea del sueño (SAS) que en la población general. Los mecanismos que subyacen a esta observación están poco definidos. Nuestra hipótesis de trabajo fue que en pacientes con SAS el ruido monótono generado por el motor de un coche puede alterar las capacidades cognitivas potencialmente relacionados con la conducción y, de esta forma, incrementar el riesgo de padecer accidentes de tráfico.

Para probar esta hipótesis se diseñó un trabajo prospectivo, aleatorio y controlado. Se incluyó a 18 pacientes con SAS (índice de apnea-hipopnea 62 ± 6 h−1) y 18 controles sanos. Todos los participantes fueron evaluados (de forma aleatoria) en condiciones basales y estando sometidos al ruido del motor de un coche que había sido previamente grabado en un disco compacto. Se evaluaron el nivel de vigilancia (Steer-Clear®) y el tiempo de reacción (PVT 192®). La atención, coordinación y memoria se exploraron mediante los siguientes tests: dígitos directos e inversos de la escala de memoria de Wechsler, clave de números de la escala de inteligencia de Wechsler y el trailmaking tests A y B de Lezack.

Los pacientes fueron ligeramente más jóvenes que los controles (50 ± 7 frente a 57 ± 11 años; p=0,05). Comparados con los controles, los pacientes mostraron un nivel de vigilancia inferior tanto en situación basal como con ruido (p < 0,05). El resto de las variables estudiadas no fueron diferentes entre los grupos. La exposición a un ruido monótono no modificó los tests realizados en ningún grupo.

En conclusión, los resultados de nuestro estudio no apoyan la hipótesis de que el ruido monótono generado por el motor de un coche altere de forma significativa la capacidad cognitiva en pacientes con SAS.

Palabras clave:
Coordinación
Somnolencia diurna
Tiempo de reacción
Vigilancia

Traffic accidents are more frequent for sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) patients than in the population at large. The mechanisms that underlie this observation are poorly defined. Our working hypothesis was that in SAS patients the steady noise of a car engine might alter cognitive capacities that may be involved in driving, thus increasing the risk of traffic accidents.

To test this hypothesis we designed a prospective randomized controlled trial. Eighteen SAS patients (apnea-hypopnea index [SEM] 62 [6] h−1) and 18 healthy controls were studied. All the participants were evaluated in random order both in basal conditions and after exposure to the steady noise of a car engine recorded on a compact disc. Their level of vigilance was evaluated (Steer-Clear®) as well as their reaction time (PVT 192®). Attention, coordination, and memory were measured using the following tests: Wechsler Memory Scale (digit span), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale (digit symbol), and Lezack's Trail Making tests A and B. The SAS patients were slightly younger than the control group (mean 50 [7] vs 57 [11] years, respectively; P=.05). The patients showed a lower level of vigilance than the controls both in basal and engine noise conditions (P < .05). No differences between groups were found for the other variables studied. Exposure to steady car engine noise had no effect on the tests of either group. In conclusion, the results of our study do not support the hypothesis that steady car engine noise significantly alters the cognitive ability of SAS patients.

Key words:
Coordination
Daytime sleepiness
Reaction time
Vigilance
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J. Terán-Santos, A. Jiménez-Gómez, J. Cordero-Guevara.
The association between sleep apnea and the risk of traffic accidents. Cooperative Group Burgos-Santander.
N Engl J Med, 340 (1999), pp. 847-851
[2.]
F. Barbé, J. Pericás, A. Muñoz, L. Findley, J.M. Antó, A.G.N. Agustí, et al.
Automobile accidents in patients with sleep apnea syndrome–an epidemiological and mechanistic study.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158 (1998), pp. 18-22
[3.]
C. George, P. Nickerson, P. Hangly.
Sleep apnoea patients have more automobile accidents.
Lancet, 8556 (1987), pp. 447
[4.]
H. Wu, F. Yan-Go.
Self-reported automobile accidents involving patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Neurology, 46 (1996), pp. 1254-1257
[5.]
K. Cheshire, H. Engleman, I. Deary, C. Shapiro, N.J. Douglas.
Factors impairing daytime performance in patients with sleep apnea/ hypopnea syndrome.
Arch Intern Med, 152 (1992), pp. 538-541
[6.]
H.M. Engleman, K.E. Cheshire, I.J. Deary, N.J. Douglas.
Daytime sleepiness, cognitive performance and mood after continuous positive airway pressure for the sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome.
Thorax, 48 (1993), pp. 911-914
[7.]
H.M. Engleman, S.E. Martin, I.J. Deary, N.J. Douglas.
Effect of CPAP therapy on daytime function in patients with mild sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome.
Thorax, 52 (1997), pp. 114-119
[8.]
R.N. Kingshott, P.J. Sime, H.M. Engleman, N.J. Douglas.
Self assessment of daytime sleepiness: patient versus partner.
Thorax, 50 (1995), pp. 994-995
[9.]
A. Muñoz, L.R. Mayoralas, F. Barbé, J. Pericás, A.G.N. Agustí.
Longterm effects of CPAP on daytime functioning in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome.
Eur Respir J, 15 (2000), pp. 676-681
[10.]
T. Young, J. Blustein, L. Finn, M. Palta.
Sleep-disordered breathing and motor vehicle accidents in a population-based sample of employed adults.
Sleep, 20 (1997), pp. 608-613
[11.]
J.A. Spencer, D.J. Moran, A. Lee, D. Talbert.
White noise and sleep induction.
Arch Dis Child, 65 (1990), pp. 135-137
[12.]
T. Kawada, S. Suzuki.
Sleep induction effects of steady 60 dB (A) pink noise.
Ind Health, 31 (1993), pp. 35-38
[13.]
L.A. Britton, E.R. Delay.
Effects of noise on a simple visual attentional task.
Percept Mot Skills, 68 (1989), pp. 875-878
[14.]
D.R. Murphy, F.I. Craik, K.Z. Li, B.A. Schneider.
Comparing the effects of aging and background noise on short-term memory performance.
Psychol Aging, 15 (2000), pp. 323-324
[15.]
M.A. Baker, D.H. Holding.
The effects of noise and speech on cognitive task performance.
J Gen Psychol, 120 (1993), pp. 339-355
[16.]
G. Belojevic, E. Ohrstrom, R. Rylander.
Effects of noise on mental performance with regard to subjective noise sensitivity.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 64 (1992), pp. 293-301
[17.]
L.E. Kapuniai, D.J. Andrew, D.H. Crowell, J.W. Pearce.
Identifying sleep apnea from self-reports.
Sleep, 11 (1988), pp. 430-436
[18.]
L. Findley, M. Fabricio, H. Knight, B.B. Norcross, A.J. Laforte, P. Suratt.
Driving simulator performance in patients with aleep apnea.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 140 (1989), pp. 529-530
[19.]
D.F. Dinges, N.B. Kribs.
Perfoming while sleepy: effects of experimentally- induced sleepiness.
Sleep sleepniness and perfomance, pp. 98-128
[20.]
D. Wechsler.
Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale WAIS,
[21.]
M.D. Lezack.
Neuropsychological assessment,

Estudio subvencionado en parte por Carburos Metálicos (Air Products) y ABEMAR

Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?