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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido conocer la efectividad de un programa psicoterap&#233;utico de deshabi-tuaci&#243;n tab&#225;quica en relaci&#243;n con una intervenci&#243;n basada en informaci&#243;n sobre el da&#241;o del tabaco y consejos para su abandono&#44; as&#237; como los motivos de inicio del tabaquismo&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Pacientes Y M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Estudiamos a un total de 249 pacien-tes que acudieron a una entrevista preliminar&#44; de los cuales 226 comenzaron un tratamiento para la deshabituaci&#243;n tab&#225;-quica&#46; El nivel medio de dependencia&#44; cuantificado por el test de Fagerstr&#246;m&#44; fue de 7&#44;26 &#177; 1&#44;85 puntos&#46; Se formaron dos grupos de estudio&#58; un grupo control de informaci&#243;n sobre los peligros del tabaco y diversas estrategias de abandono &#40;n &#61; 37&#41; con los primeros pacientes&#44; y un grupo de intervenci&#243;n psico-terap&#233;utica &#40;n &#61; 189&#41; en el que se incluyeron de forma conse-cutiva el resto&#46; Se efectuaron revisiones a los 3&#44; 6 y 12 meses una vez finalizado el tratamiento&#44; objetiv&#225;ndose mediante co-oximetr&#237;a la situaci&#243;n de abstinencia&#46; Fueron considerados como no fumadores exclusivamente aquellos individuos en que se pudieron objetivar valores iguales o menores a 5 ppm &#40;part&#237;culas por mill&#243;n&#41; de CO en aire espirado&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La mayor&#237;a de los pacientes en ambos sexos indicaron como motivo de inicio del tabaquismo la presi&#243;n social&#46; El porcentaje de abstinencia en el grupo de informa-ci&#243;n y estrategias de abandono fue del 8&#44;1&#37; en las tres revi-siones efectuadas&#44; mientras que en el grupo de intervenci&#243;n psicoterap&#233;utica fue del 37&#44; 25&#44;4 y 24&#44;3&#37;&#44; respectivamente&#44; a los 3&#44; 6 y 12 meses&#44; existiendo diferencias significativas res-pecto al primer grupo en todas las revisiones&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los factores de presi&#243;n social son funda-mentales en el inicio del tabaquismo&#46; Hemos objetivado un24&#44;3&#37; de &#233;xitos en la abstinencia al a&#241;o de seguimiento ex-clusivamente con tratamiento psicol&#243;gico&#44; existiendo diferen-cias significativas en relaci&#243;n con el grupo que s&#243;lo recibi&#243; informaci&#243;n&#46; Creemos que la terapia psicol&#243;gica se presenta como alternativa eficaz en el abandono del tabaquismo&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To compare the efficacy of psychological counseling for smokers in a cessation program in compari-son with treatment based only on providing information about damage caused by tobacco and advice for quitting&#44; and to determine the reasons patients started to smoke&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Patients And Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We studied 249 patients who came to a preliminary interview&#59; 226 began treatment for smoking cessation&#46; The average level of dependence&#44; quanti-fied the Fagerstrom test was 7&#46;26 &#177; 1&#46;85 points&#46; Two treat-ment groups were formed&#58; the first patients seen made up the control group &#40;n &#61; 37&#41;&#44; which received information about the dangers of tobacco and strategies for quitting&#44; and the psychological counseling group &#40;n &#61; 189&#41;&#46; Follow-up exami-nations were performed three&#44; six and twelve months after treatment&#44; with abstinence checked by measurement of CO in exhaled air&#46; Only patients with CO levels less than 5 ppm &#40;particles per million&#41; in exhaled air were considered non-smokers&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Most patients of both sexes named social pressu-re as the reason for starting to smoke&#46; The rate of abstinen-ce in the information and strategies group was 8&#46;1&#37; at all three follow-up visits&#44; whereas the rate was 37&#37;&#44; 25&#46;4&#37; and 24&#46;3&#37; at three&#44; six and twelve months&#44; respectively&#44; in the group receiving counseling&#46; The differences between the two groups were significant at all visits&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Social pressure is the main reason for star-ting to smoke&#46; We observed a success rate of 24&#46;3&#37; after one year of follow-up after psychological treatment only&#44; a rate that was significantly higher than that of the group that received only information&#46; We believe that psychological counseling is an effective alternative for smokers who want to quit&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 37. Issue 1.
Pages 14-18 (January 2001)
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Vol. 37. Issue 1.
Pages 14-18 (January 2001)
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Resultados de un programa psicoterapéutico de deshabituación tabáquica tras 12 meses de seguimiento
Psychological counseling for smoking cessation: results after twelve months
Visits
8177
A. Vellisco Garcíaa,*, F.J. Álvarez Gutiérrezb, T. Elías Hernándezb, J. Romerob, J. Toral Marínb, C. Bordoy Sánchezc, J. Castillo Gómezb
a Psicólogo Clínico Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla
b Neumólogos Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla
c DUE. Unidad de EPOC e Infecciones Respiratorias. Centro de Especialidades Dr. Fleming. Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla
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Objetivo

El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido conocer la efectividad de un programa psicoterapéutico de deshabi-tuación tabáquica en relación con una intervención basada en información sobre el daño del tabaco y consejos para su abandono, así como los motivos de inicio del tabaquismo.

Pacientes Y Métodos

Estudiamos a un total de 249 pacien-tes que acudieron a una entrevista preliminar, de los cuales 226 comenzaron un tratamiento para la deshabituación tabá-quica. El nivel medio de dependencia, cuantificado por el test de Fagerström, fue de 7,26 ± 1,85 puntos. Se formaron dos grupos de estudio: un grupo control de información sobre los peligros del tabaco y diversas estrategias de abandono (n = 37) con los primeros pacientes, y un grupo de intervención psico-terapéutica (n = 189) en el que se incluyeron de forma conse-cutiva el resto. Se efectuaron revisiones a los 3, 6 y 12 meses una vez finalizado el tratamiento, objetivándose mediante co-oximetría la situación de abstinencia. Fueron considerados como no fumadores exclusivamente aquellos individuos en que se pudieron objetivar valores iguales o menores a 5 ppm (partículas por millón) de CO en aire espirado.

Resultados

La mayoría de los pacientes en ambos sexos indicaron como motivo de inicio del tabaquismo la presión social. El porcentaje de abstinencia en el grupo de informa-ción y estrategias de abandono fue del 8,1% en las tres revi-siones efectuadas, mientras que en el grupo de intervención psicoterapéutica fue del 37, 25,4 y 24,3%, respectivamente, a los 3, 6 y 12 meses, existiendo diferencias significativas res-pecto al primer grupo en todas las revisiones.

Conclusiones

Los factores de presión social son funda-mentales en el inicio del tabaquismo. Hemos objetivado un24,3% de éxitos en la abstinencia al año de seguimiento ex-clusivamente con tratamiento psicológico, existiendo diferen-cias significativas en relación con el grupo que sólo recibió información. Creemos que la terapia psicológica se presenta como alternativa eficaz en el abandono del tabaquismo.

Palabras clave:
Tabaquismo
Psicoterapia
Tratamientos cogni-tivo-conductuales
Objective

To compare the efficacy of psychological counseling for smokers in a cessation program in compari-son with treatment based only on providing information about damage caused by tobacco and advice for quitting, and to determine the reasons patients started to smoke.

Patients And Methods

We studied 249 patients who came to a preliminary interview; 226 began treatment for smoking cessation. The average level of dependence, quanti-fied the Fagerstrom test was 7.26 ± 1.85 points. Two treat-ment groups were formed: the first patients seen made up the control group (n = 37), which received information about the dangers of tobacco and strategies for quitting, and the psychological counseling group (n = 189). Follow-up exami-nations were performed three, six and twelve months after treatment, with abstinence checked by measurement of CO in exhaled air. Only patients with CO levels less than 5 ppm (particles per million) in exhaled air were considered non-smokers.

Results

Most patients of both sexes named social pressu-re as the reason for starting to smoke. The rate of abstinen-ce in the information and strategies group was 8.1% at all three follow-up visits, whereas the rate was 37%, 25.4% and 24.3% at three, six and twelve months, respectively, in the group receiving counseling. The differences between the two groups were significant at all visits.

Conclusions

Social pressure is the main reason for star-ting to smoke. We observed a success rate of 24.3% after one year of follow-up after psychological treatment only, a rate that was significantly higher than that of the group that received only information. We believe that psychological counseling is an effective alternative for smokers who want to quit.

Keywords:
Smoking
Psychological counseling
Cognitive-beha-vioral treatments
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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