Journal Information
Vol. 38. Issue 6.
Pages 267-271 (June 2002)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 38. Issue 6.
Pages 267-271 (June 2002)
Full text access
Evaluación de una intervención sobre tabaquismo en el medio laboral: experiencia en una empresa con 640 empleados
Evaluation of a workplace anti-smoking program at a company with 640 employees
Visits
9753
I. Nerína,
Corresponding author
isabelne@posta.unizar.es

Correspondencia: Dra. Isabel Nerín. Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría. Facultad de Medicina. Edificio “B”.Domingo Miral, s/n. 50009 Zaragoza
, D. Guillénb, A. Másb, J.A. Nuvialac, M.J. Hernándezd
a Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría. Unidad de Tabaquismo. Facultad de Medicina. Zaragoza
b Unidad de Tabaquismo FMZ
c Médico de Nurel, S.A
d Servicio de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Objetivos

El conocimiento del riesgo que supone para los no fumadores la inhalación de aire contaminado con humo de tabaco ha motivado el desarrollo de intervenciones sobre tabaquismo en el medio laboral, aunque en nuestro entorno son todavía escasas. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es conocer la eficacia de una intervención sobre tabaquismo entre los trabajadores de una empresa, según los cambios existentes en la prevalencia pre y postintervención en el grupo estudiado

Método

Se realizó una encuesta preintervención sobre tabaquismo (prevalencia y actitudes) en una empresa de 640 empleados (el 92% varones y el 8% mujeres); a lo largo de los nueves meses siguientes se desarrolló la intervención dentro de la empresa durante el horario laboral; posterior-mente se repitió la encuesta (postintervención) con el objetivo de evaluar su efectividad basándose en los cambios existentes. Se realizó un estudio de datos apareados en los trabajadores que contestaron ambas encuestas

Resultados

Contestaron la encuesta preintervención 388 empleados (60%), 357 varones (92%), 31 mujeres (8%); edad media, 48,4 (desviación estándar [DE], 9,36). La prevalencia de tabaquismo fue del 55%, incluyendo fumadores a diario, esporádicos y de otras labores de tabaco; media de cigarrillos/día, 17,86 (DE, 2,45); grado de dependencia a la nicotina (test de Fagerström), media, 3,3 (DE, 2,8) sobre 10. Contestaron la encuesta preintervención 206 empleados (el 32% del total); en los trabajadores que contestaron ambas encuestas (83) mediante estudio de datos apareados se observó una disminución de la prevalencia de fumadores del 4% y del número de cigarrillos/día (17,4 preintervención y 16,4 postintervención); estas diferencias no fueron estadísti-camente significativas

Conclusiones

El entorno laboral constituye un medio adecuado, infrautilizado en la actualidad, para realizar intervenciones sobre tabaquismo y contribuir así a mejorar la salud de la población trabajadora

Palabras clave:
Tabaquismo
Cesación tabáquica
Lugar de trabajo
Objectives

Awareness of the health risks of passive smoking for non-smokers has led to the development of work-place interventions for smokers, although they are still few in our setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an anti-smoking program among the workers of a company, in function of changes in the pre and post-intervention prevalence of smoking in the study population

Method

A pre-intervention questionnaire on smoking (prevalence and attitudes) was administered at a company with 640 employees (92% men, 8% women). An anti-smoking program was carried out inside the company during working hours over the next nine months. The questionnaire was then repeated (post-intervention) in order to evaluate its efficacy based on changes. For employees who answered both questionnaires, paired variables were analyzed

Results

The pre-intervention questionnaire was answered by 388 employees (60%), 357 men (92%) and 31 women (8%); their mean age was 48.4 years (SD 9.36). The prevalence of smoking was 55%, including daily smokers, sporadic smokers and others. The mean number of cigarettes per day was 17.86 (SD 2.45). The mean level of nicotine dependence measured by the Fagerström test was 3.3 (SD 2.8) out of 10. The post-intervention questionnaire was answered by 206 employees (32%). Among employees who answered both questionnaires (83), analysis of paired data showed a decrease in the prevalence of smoking of 4% and in the number of ci-garettes per day from 17.4 (pre-intervention) to 16.4 (post-intervention). The differences were not statistically significant

Conclusions

Although the workplace is an appropriate setting for anti-smoking interventions that would contribute to improving the health of smokers, such programs are currently underutilized

Keywords:
Smoking
Smoking cessation
Workplace
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.E. Fielding.
Worksite Health Promotion survey: smoking control Activities.
Prev Med, 19 (1990), pp. 402-413
[2.]
G. Sorensen, H. Lando, T.F. Pechacek.
Promoting smoking cessation at the workplace. Results of a randomised controlled intervention study.
J Occup Med, 35 (1993), pp. 121-126
[3.]
R. Borland, J.P. Pierce, D.M. Burns, E. Gilpin, M. Johnson, D. Bal.
Protection from environmental tobacco smoke in California. The case for a smoke-free workplace.
Jama, 268 (1992), pp. 749-752
[4.]
T.J. Woodruff, B. Rosbrook, J. Pierce, S.A. Glantz.
Lower levels of cigarette consumption found in smoke-free workplaces in California.
Arch Intern Med, 153 (1993), pp. 1485-1493
[5.]
N.A. Rigotti, C.L. Pashos.
No-smoking laws in the United States. An analysis of state and city actions to limit smoking in public places and workplaces.
Jama, 266 (1991), pp. 3162-3167
[6.]
R.E. Glasgow, G. Sorensen, C. Giffen, R.H. Shipley, K. Corbett, W. Lynn.
Promoting worksite smoking control policies and actions: The Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT) experience.
Prev Med, 25 (1996), pp. 186-194
[7.]
L.L. Pederson, S.B. Bull, M.J. Ashley.
Smoking in the workplace: do smoking patterns an attitudes reflect the legislative environment?.
Tobacco Control, 5 (1996), pp. 39-45
[8.]
P.G. Serrano Aguilar.
Programas de cesación del tabaquismo en el medio laboral: la necesidad de su implementación en España.
Rev San Hig Pub, 67 (1993), pp. 343-349
[9.]
US Department of Health and Human Services.
The health consequences of involuntary smoking: A report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services.
Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control,
[10.]
National Research Council.
Environmental tobacco smoke: measuring exposures and assessing health effects,
[11.]
Environmental Protection Agency.
Health effects of passive smoking: assessment of lung cancer in adults and respiratory disorders in children,
[12.]
M.C. Farrelly, W.N. Evans, A.E.S. Sfekas.
The impact of workplace smoking bans: results from a national survey.
Tob Control, 8 (1999), pp. 272-277
[13.]
K.J. Fisher, R.E. Glasgow, J.R. Terborg.
Work site smoking cessation: a Meta-analysis of long-term quit rates from controlled studies.
J Occup Med, 32 (1990), pp. 429-439
[14.]
S. Kinne, A.R. Kristal, E. White, J. Hunt.
Work-site smoking policies: their population impact in Washington state.
Am J Public Health, 83 (1993), pp. 1031-1033
[15.]
I. Nerín.
Intervenciones sobre tabaquismo en el mundo laboral.
Prev Tab, 2 (2000), pp. 113-120
[16.]
Ley de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales.
Ley 31/1995. BOE n.° 269, (10-11-1995),
[17.]
J. González Enriquez, F. Villar Alvaréz, J.R. Banegas, F. Rodríguez Artalejo, J.M. Martín Moreon.
Tendencia de la mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo en España, 1978-1992: 600.000 muertes en 15 años.
Med Clin (Barc), 109 (1997), pp. 577-582
[18.]
M.M. Kristein.
How much can business expect to profit from smoking cessation?.
Preventive Medicine, 12 (1983), pp. 358-381
[19.]
D. Salina, L.A. Jason, D. Hedeker, J. Kaufman, L. Lesondak, D. McMahon, et al.
A follow-up of a media-based, worksite smoking cessation Program.
Am J Community Psychol, 22 (1994), pp. 257-271
[20.]
J. Ryan, C. Zwerling, E. Orav.
Occupational risks associated with cigarette smoking: a prospective study.
Am J Public Health, 82 (1992), pp. 29-32
[21.]
R.W. Jeffery, J.L. Forster, B.V. Dunn, S.A. French, P.G. McGovern, H.A. Lando.
Effects of work-site health promotion on illness-related absenteeism.
J Occup Med, 35 (1993), pp. 1142-1146
[22.]
World Health Organization.
Tobacco or health: a global status report,
[23.]
Informe económico de Aragón 1998,
[24.]
J.R. Villalbí, M. Ballestín, C. Surós, E. De Miquel-Blondel, R. Cabello.
Un programa comunitario de estímulo a la cesación tabáquica.
Rev San Hig Pub, 66 (1992), pp. 103-108
[25.]
Encuesta Nacional de Salud 1993,
[26.]
D. Marín, J. González.
Posibilidades de intervención en tabaquismo en el medio laboral. Revisión, análisis y propuesta de acción.
Medicina de Empresa, 24 (1990), pp. 39-49
[27.]
K.P. Offord, R.D. Hurt, K.G. Berge, K.F. Doreen, L. Schmidt.
Effects of the implementation of a smoke-free policy in a Medical Center.
Chest, 102 (1992), pp. 1531-1536
[28.]
R. Borland, S. Chapman, N. Owen, D. Hill.
Effects of work place smoking bans on cigarette consumption.
Am J Public Health, 80 (1990), pp. 178-180
[29.]
J. Brigham, J. Gross, M.L. Stitzer, L.J. Felch.
Effects of a restricted work-site smoking policy on employees who smoke.
Am J Public Health, 84 (1994), pp. 773-778
[30.]
G. Sorensen, N. Rigotti, A. Rosen, J. Pinney, R. Prible.
Effects of work-site non-smoking policy: Evidence for increased cessation.
Am J Public Health, 81 (1991), pp. 202-204
[31.]
A.J. Farkas, E.A. Gilpin, J.M. Distefan, J.P. Pierce.
The effects of household and workplace smoking restrictions on quitting behaviours.
Tobacco Control, 8 (1999), pp. 261-265
[32.]
K.O. Fagerström, M. Kunze, R. Schoberberger, N. Breslau, J.R. Hughes, R.D. Hurt, et al.
Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence: comparisons among countries and categories of smokers.
Tobacco Control, 5 (1996), pp. 52-56
[33.]
M.A.H. Russell, C. Wilson, C. Taylor, C.D. Baker.
Effect of general practitioners' advice against smoking.
Bmj, 2 (1979), pp. 231-235
[34.]
A. Agudo, A. González, M. Torrent.
Exposición ambiental al humo del tabaco y cáncer de pulmón.
Men Clin (Barc), 93 (1989), pp. 387-393
[35.]
J.R. Banegas, J. Estapé, J. González Enriquez, V. López García-Aranda, H. Pardell, T. Salvador, et al.
Impacto del aire contaminado por humo de tabaco sobre la población no fumadora: la situación en España.
Comité Nacional para la Prevención del Tabaquismo (CNPT). Libro blanco sobre el tabaquismo en España, pp. 125-151
[36.]
L. Sánchez Agudo.
Riesgos del fumador pasivo.
Arch Bronconeumol, 28 (1992), pp. 109-111
[37.]
K. Hammond, G. Sorensen, R. Youngstrom, J.K. Ockene.
Occupational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Jama, 274 (1995), pp. 956-960
[38.]
S. Parrot, C. Godfrey, M. Raw.
Costs of employee smoking in the workplace in Scotland.
Tobacco Control, 9 (2000), pp. 187-192
Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?