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class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original Article</span>" "titulo" => "Gender differences in original <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Archivos de Bronconeumología</span> publications, 2001-2018" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "107" "paginaFinal" => "114" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Diferencias de género en las publicaciones originales de ARCHIVOS DE BRONCONEUMOLOGÍA en el periodo 2001−2018" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 725 "Ancho" => 2175 "Tamanyo" => 96514 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at0005" "detalle" => "Fig. " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean numbers of authors, specialties, and institutions participating in original <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Archivos de Bronconeumología</span> publications over the study periods.</p> <p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kruskal-Wallis test < 0.05 in all categories.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Daniel López-Padilla, Francisco García-Río, Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo, Nuria Arenas Valls, Alicia Cerezo Lajas, Marta Corral Blanco, Virginia Gallo González, Milagros Llanos Flores, María Martínez Redondo, Natalia Martos Gisbert, Elena Ojeda Castillejo, Marta Padilla Bernáldez, Marta Pérez Gallán, Vania Prudencio Ribera, Luis Puente Maestu, Beatriz Recio Moreno, Elena Rodríguez Jimeno, Ana Sánchez Azofra, Gonzalo Segrelles-Calvo, José Rafael Terán Tinedo, Perla Valenzuela Reyes, José Ignacio de Granda-Orive" "autores" => array:22 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Daniel" "apellidos" => "López-Padilla" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "García-Río" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Adolfo" "apellidos" => "Alonso-Arroyo" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Nuria Arenas" "apellidos" => "Valls" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alicia Cerezo" "apellidos" => "Lajas" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marta Corral" "apellidos" => "Blanco" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Virginia Gallo" "apellidos" => "González" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Milagros Llanos" "apellidos" => "Flores" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María Martínez" "apellidos" => "Redondo" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Natalia Martos" "apellidos" => "Gisbert" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Elena Ojeda" "apellidos" => "Castillejo" ] 11 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marta Padilla" "apellidos" => "Bernáldez" ] 12 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Marta Pérez" "apellidos" => "Gallán" ] 13 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Vania Prudencio" "apellidos" => "Ribera" ] 14 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luis Puente" "apellidos" => "Maestu" ] 15 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Beatriz Recio" "apellidos" => "Moreno" ] 16 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Elena Rodríguez" "apellidos" => "Jimeno" ] 17 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ana Sánchez" "apellidos" => "Azofra" ] 18 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Gonzalo" "apellidos" => "Segrelles-Calvo" ] 19 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José" "apellidos" => "Rafael Terán Tinedo" ] 20 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Perla Valenzuela" "apellidos" => "Reyes" ] 21 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "José" "apellidos" => "Ignacio de Granda-Orive" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0300289620301393" "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2020.04.020" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ 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A Big Data Analysis" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "94" "paginaFinal" => "100" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Manejo clínico de la EPOC en situación de vida real. 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Mesa-Guzmán, J. González, A.B. Alcaide, J. Bertó, J.P. de-Torres, A. Campo, L.M. Seijo, M.M. Ocón, J.C. Pueyo, G. Bastarrika, M.D. Lozano, R. Pío, L.M. Montuenga, M. García-Granero, J. Zulueta" "autores" => array:15 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Mesa-Guzmán" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mmesag@unav.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "González" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A.B." "apellidos" => "Alcaide" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Bertó" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.P." "apellidos" => "de-Torres" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Campo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L.M." "apellidos" => "Seijo" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">j</span>" "identificador" => "aff0050" ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.M." "apellidos" => "Ocón" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "Pueyo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Bastarrika" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M.D." "apellidos" => "Lozano" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span>" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i</span>" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Pío" "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i</span>" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L.M." "apellidos" => "Montuenga" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">f</span>" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i</span>" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "García-Granero" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">g</span>" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Zulueta" "referencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">h</span>" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">i</span>" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Cirugía Torácica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Neumología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Neumología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Radiología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Investigación de Medicina Aplicada – CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Departamento de Bioquímica y Genética, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 8 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "i" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] 9 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "j" "identificador" => "aff0050" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Resultados quirúrgicos de un programa de cribado de cáncer de pulmón utilizando tomografía computarizada de baja dosis" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 1 "multimedia" => array:5 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 687 "Ancho" => 1333 "Tamanyo" => 78736 ] ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with 1.8 million lung cancer deaths each year.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Overall survival has not changed significantly in decades despite improvements in surgical treatment, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The poor survival rates are mainly a result of advanced stage at diagnosis.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lung cancer screening (LCS) with the use of low dose computed tomography (LDCT) is effective in detecting LC in early stages and reducing mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3–6</span></a> The International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (I-ELCAP), showed in 2006 that 85% of LC cases diagnosed by LDCT were in stage I with an estimated survival of 88% at 10 years.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2011 the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), a randomized controlled trial, showed that LCS with LDCT reduces mortality in a high-risk population by 20% compared to screening with chest X-ray.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The United Stated Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening with LDCT for individuals meeting NLST inclusion criteria since 2013.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Implementation of LCS guidelines in the United States is ongoing. Widespread screening in Europe <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> was precluded until the result of the Dutch-Belgian NELSON study were published. This publication has now finally been published <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> reported that LCS can significantly reduce deaths from lung cancer at 10 years by 24% in men and up to 33% in women compared to control.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Despite such promising results, screening skeptics continue to argue that LCS may cause harm by leading to invasive procedures in asymptomatic individuals with false positive screening findings.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Our group has published several papers analyzing different aspects related to this lung cancer screening cohort.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13–16</span></a> The work presented here is an analysis from a surgical point of view of the longest running lung cancer screening program in Europe, at the Clínica Universidad de Navarra, a program that is part of the I-ELCAP consortium since its inception in 1999.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,15</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Materials and Methods</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This is a retrospective descriptive analysis of a prospectively recruited cohort. Study subjects enrolled in the Pamplona International Program for Early Detection of Lung Cancer with LDCT (P-ELCAP). Patients undergoing surgery based on screening findings are included in this study. Recruitment began in September of 2000 and is ongoing. Patient follow up is based on the I-ELCAP protocol, details of which are available online at <a href="http://www.ielcap.org/">www.ielcap.org</a>. Inclusion criteria at our center include age<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>40, and a smoking history of ≥10 pack-years. Subjects must be asymptomatic. Those with a history of cancer diagnosed within the previous 5 years are excluded. Baseline LDCT and spirometry are performed in all cases, and periodic follow up with LDCT is recommended thereafter. Subjects with abnormal LDCT findings are managed according to the I-ELCAP protocol.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Briefly, for positive results on the baseline LDCT (noncalcified nodules ≥5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm) additional diagnostic studies are recommended depending on the size and characteristics of a given nodule, and may include PET-CT scanning, antibiotic treatment with follow up LDCT at 1–3 months, bronchoscopy, transthoracic fine needle aspiration, or surgical biopsy. Subjects with a negative LDCT (without pulmonary nodules or with non-calcified nodules <5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm) are scheduled for an annual visit. Annual LDCT is considered abnormal when a new nodule of any size is found or when a previously identified nodule grows, prompting ancillary studies. Prior to pulmonary resection, the mediastinum was further assessed, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), through endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or mediastinoscopy. In all cases, a multidisciplinary team made up of pathologists, oncologists, pulmonologists, radiologists and thoracic surgeons decided whether surgical or oncological interventions were required.</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the purpose of the current study, the following parameters were considered: demographics, preoperative tests, surgical approach, type of lung resection, immediate and late post-surgical complications, anatomopathological results, stages, and survival.</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respiratory health status was determined by smoking status and the presence or absence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), defined as postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70%, the presence of emphysema on LDCT, or both.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Staging of LC and definition of a metachronous tumor were defined according to the 8th edition of the international TNM classification.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> Mediastinal nodal dissection (MLND) was performed according to the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons guidelines,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> i.e., at least three mediastinal nodal stations, including the subcarinal lymph node, were excised. Mediastinal lymph node sampling (MLNS) was defined just as the removal of one or more lymph nodes, guided by preoperative or intraoperative findings at the surgeon's discretion.</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A false positive of the screening process was considered when a patient underwent surgery after all pre-surgical diagnostic tests (including LDCTs) could not rule out lung cancer, and the pathology of the resected lesion was consistent with a benign diagnosis.</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Data Analysis</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Quantitative data are presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). Categorical data were described using absolute and relative frequencies.</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lung cancer prevalence and incidence rates were calculated according to whether the diagnosis was based on the results of the baseline evaluation or on one of the follow-up screening rounds, respectively. Operative mortality included patients who died within 30 days. Medical records were reviewed to obtain mortality data on patients with lung cancer, and a Kaplan–Meier survival curve was constructed. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata/IC 12.1 (StataCorp. 2011. Stata Statistical Software: Release 12. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP).</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Ethics Approval</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The University of Navarra's ethics committee approved the study protocol and all subjects signed an informed consent prior to enrollment in LCS.</p></span></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Result</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Between September 2000 to December 2019, 97 LC (2.5%) were diagnosed in 3825 participants screened. Twenty patients had no surgery due to advanced stage or small cell histology and were referred to chemo-radiotherapy or SBRT. Eighty-seven surgeries were performed in 75 patients for suspected LC. When a pre-operative biopsy was not feasible, we used wedge resection and frozen section as diagnostic tools. In case of lung cancer, the resection was performed during the same procedure, except in three patients, who had a wedge resection followed by a second surgery to complete the resection, due to an uncertain intraoperative diagnosis, once the definitive pathology results were known. Only 14 patients had a non-surgical preoperative diagnosis of LC obtained by CT-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) (7), bronchoscopy (4), EBUS (1), and EUS (2) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nine patients underwent a second operation for a metachronous primary lung cancer. One patient had a synchronous tumor resected in the same lobe. Eight (9.2%) patients were false positive of the screening process and all of them had diagnostic wedge resections (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). One individual had 2 surgeries for a LC and a benign lesion.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To maintain data independence, only the therapeutic surgeries and the first surgery of the metachronous cases (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>67) were taken into consideration for descriptive and statistical analysis in LC patients.</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fifty-seven (85%) patients were male with a mean age of 67<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9.1 years. Mean tumor size was 15.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.6. Seven patients (10.5%) had COPD, 21 (31.3%) had emphysema, 28 (41.8%) had both, and 11 (16.4%) had neither of those key respiratory comorbidities (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Surgical approaches included 44 posterolateral (65.7%), 4 anterolateral (6%), and 3 axillary thoracotomies (4.5%), 1 robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) (1.5%), and 15 video-assisted thoracoscopic surgeries (VATS) (22.4%).</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Surgical lobectomy was performed in 56 cases (83.6%). Sublobar resections included; 3 anatomical segmentectomies (4.5%) for tumors measuring less than 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm and clinical stage IA in which margins were confirmed intraoperatively to be >1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm, and 7 (10.5%) wedge resections in patients with limited lung function. One pneumonectomy (1.5%) was performed for a central tumor. Thirty-seven (55.2%) patients underwent MLND and 30 (44.8%) had MLNS. Adenocarcinoma (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>39, 58.2%) was the most frequent histological type followed by squamous cell carcinoma (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17, 25.7%) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sixteen complications were reported in 13 patients, including; persistent air leak (5), atrial fibrillation (2), and acute urinary retention (4), re-intervention due to bleeding (3), pneumonia (1), and empyema (1). There were no complications in the false positives of the screening process patients. One patient (1.2%) died from postoperative acute respiratory distress syndrome following a second pulmonary resection surgery due to a confirmed contralateral Stage II metachronous tumor.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the 67 patients, 40 (59.7%) were diagnosed in the baseline screening of which 87.5% were in stage I. Twenty-seven (40.3%) patients were diagnosed in annual screenings, 88.9% of which were in stage I (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fifty-nine patients (88.1%) were diagnosed in Stage I, 4 in Stage II (6%) and another 4 in stage III (6%). The estimated overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 88% (95% CI: 77%–95%) and 80% (95% CI: 65%–90%), respectively (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>), and the 5 and 10 year survival rates for stage I patients were 93% (95% CI: 79%–98%) and 83% (95% CI: 65%–92%), respectively (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>).</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Discussion</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our study confirms previous findings regarding favorable surgical outcomes in the LCS setting, with overall five and 10-year survival rates of 88% and 80%, respectively. The majority of subjects in this cohort underwent lobectomies via thoracotomy, a surgical approach that may become obsolete as sublobar resections and minimal invasive techniques become more prevalent in the LCS setting. Nevertheless, the surgical treatment of lung cancer in early stages and the extent of lung resections, with its implications for survival, still requires extensive research. In our series, a lobectomy was considered the “gold standard” of pulmonary resection for patients with adequate lung function and a confirmed diagnosis of malignancy.</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Most retrospective studies have shown that VATS segmentectomy may be a valid procedure lung cancer patients in clinical stage I,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20–23</span></a> with lower complication rates and shorter hospital stays, and no differences in terms of overall survival. Two randomized controlled trials in progress will attempt to answer these questions (CALGB 140503 and JCOG0802/WJOG4607L).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24,25</span></a></p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only 22.4% of the surgeries in our study were VATS, mainly due to the slow implementation of VATS in our center. It has been shown that, as compared to open classical thoracotomy, VATS is associated with a significant reduction in perioperative morbidity and mortality.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> In a randomized trial, Bendixen et al. observed that when compared to antero-lateral thoracotomy, VATS is associated with less postoperative pain and better quality of life during the first year after surgery.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> Preliminary results of the VIOLET trial,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> a randomized multicenter trial in the United Kingdom led by Dr. Eric Lim comparing the performance and morbidity of VATS with open thoracotomy, showed that patients who received VATS had a significant reduction in overall in-hospital complications and stayed in hospital one day less compared to patients who received open surgery. That notwithstanding, oncologic outcomes were similar. Therefore, it appears that minimal invasive approaches may well become the surgery of choice for LC resections and even moreso in the context of LCS.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our series, 55.2% of the subjects underwent systematic lymph node dissection. Controversy persists regarding the optimal extent of lymph node dissection in early stage LC. European Thoracic Surgery Society guidelines recommended a systematic dissection of nodes at all stages in 2006 to ensure complete resection and adequate staging.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> Lobe specific nodal dissection is considered acceptable for peripheral T1 lesions if hilar and interlobar nodes are negative at intra operative frozen section. A similar recommendation was proposed in 2010 by the British Thoracic Society.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Subsequently, in a randomized controlled trial comparing mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND) vs. sampling after negative side-specific hilar and mediastinal lymph node sampling, Darling et al. demonstrated that MLND did not improve survival nor did it decrease the incidence of local or regional recurrence of patients with early-stage non small cell LC.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our cohort, an overall positive effect on survival rates was observed in the MLND group (log-rank-test <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>.04). However, when we split the data set according to early (I) and more advanced stages (II and III), the difference between MLND and MLNS only held true for the former. There is inconsistency among published reports in early stage NSCLC, which could be related to tumor size.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31,32</span></a> Lymphadenectomy and the extent of lung resection in LCS early stage disease should benefit from further prospective studies and larger sample sizes.</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ongoing studies, like IELCART (Initiative for Early Lung Cancer Research on Treatment)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> in which our institution participates, aim to advance knowledge regarding the optimal surgical treatment of patients with early stage LC. Key variables include; the type of resection, standardization of margin measurements, extent of lymphadenectomy, and alternative therapeutic approaches (SBRT or watchful waiting), as well as the impact on quality of life, recurrence rates, and long-term survival.</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interestingly, after the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a first LC we found a significant number of patients with a second metachronic primary tumor that met the Martini-Melamed and the IASLC criteria.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> This raises an important issue. Patients with lung cancer are at a very high risk of developing additional lung cancers. In our cohort, 9 patients had more than one metachronous cancer. Since most patients with lung cancer also have co-existing lung disease, such as COPD and emphysema,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a> a conservative lung-sparing surgical approach may be important since additional resections may be in store for a given LCS patient. In addition, this increased risk for subsequent lung cancers underlines the need for continuing lung cancer screening in patients who undergo resection.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On the other hand, one of the main obstacles of LCS is the very nature of an early detection program, in which the suspicious lesions are almost always small. They may not be anatomically located in peripheral or accessible areas and/or have a partially solid consistency, which would make it difficult, or even impossible, to obtain a preoperative diagnosis via transthoracic or endoscopic needle aspiration. Therefore, it is not unusual for surgery to be both diagnostic and therapeutic in this setting.</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our series demonstrated certain limitations to obtain a preoperative diagnosis with only 16% of surgical patients. Those indeterminate cases, which require diagnostic surgery, demand a biopsy of the suspicious lesion in order to allow an adequate intraoperative diagnosis and by consequence, the definition of the extent of the curative pulmonary resection. The reason why most nodules are undiagnosed prior to surgery is likely the small size and location. This also entails difficulties for intraoperative diagnosis due to the limitations for the surgeon to see and feel the lesions in the context of minimal invasive surgery.</p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore, identifying and locating these lesions has become a veritable challenge, which has created a surge in different preoperative marking alternatives. This is why preoperative marking of lesions is a tool which every LCS Program must count on.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36,37</span></a></p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Having a high proportion of undiagnosed patients making it to the operating room, together with the false-positive rate described, suggests that proper risk assessment, compliance with a correct diagnostic algorithm, and a consensus decision by an expert multidisciplinary committee are key in LCS. Unnecessary invasive procedures must be limited in order for LCS to succeed.</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results in this cohort, with 9.2% of false positives of the screening process that underwent surgery, coincide with the results of I-ELCAP.</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several strategies have been suggested to decrease it. Firstly, a better selection of the inclusion criteria, which would lead to a more precise definition of high-risk candidates, should be considered. Standardized and structured reporting systems such as Lung-RADS<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> or the I-ELCAP management system<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> should be used. Refined diagnostic algorithms determined under consensus and scientific evidence should be adapted, and prediction tools for risk analysis should be established.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39,40</span></a> Finally, well validated radiological techniques, such as the volumetric study of indeterminate pulmonary nodules,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> artificial intelligence and radiomic lung nodules prediction models,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42,43</span></a> should all be encouraged. These, together with the management by an expert multidisciplinary team, have demonstrated their effectiveness in minimizing surgical intervention for benign disease, minimizing the number of missed curable LC. Even so, false positives would be difficult to avoid completely. The evidence of surgical procedures for benign disease in LCS with LDCT varies from 0% to 33%, with an average of 18%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> Wilson and colleagues evaluated 3642 participants in the PLUSS <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> study using an internal protocol. Eighty-two (2.3%) underwent surgical procedures, 28 of which (34%) had benign disease. The study investigators cited “an apparent generalized bias toward aggressive intervention” for indeterminate pulmonary nodules. The DLCTS (Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial) group reported 12% of false-positive surgeries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> Our results show that following validated management protocols, such as that of IELCAP, can minimize the number of individuals who undergo surgery for a benign lesion. Albeit, of those who unfortunately still underwent surgery, none showed any consequential complications.</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We agree with current European guidelines suggesting that LCS should guarantee comprehensive quality of care and be led by an expert multidisciplinary team that provides high quality, timely, continuous and comprehensive information on the benefits and risks of screening. Informed decision-making eliminates misperceptions and reduces the psychological burden related to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The multidisciplinary team should include surgeons with experience in minimally invasive procedures and should be equipped with technical and/or technological tools that allow for intra-operative localization of small nodules. Furthermore, we must not forget that every LCS program must include smoking cessation and should emphasize the importance of adherence to the program with a commitment to annual screening even in the face of prior negative results, a limitation already described by programs like ours.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15,46,47</span></a></p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One potential limitation of this study is that it is based on data from a single center; therefore, our population, resources, and staffing characteristics may limit the generalizability of our results. However, we believe that surgery for lung cancer is quite standardized across Centers and that similar results will probably be achieved by others.</p><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary, our results show that lung cancer screening is effective in detecting lung cancer at early stages, and that the majority of patients achieve long term survival after surgical resection. Ongoing research trials will help determine what the optimal surgical approach is for these patients.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Funding Source</span><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors received no specific funding for this work.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflict of Interests</span><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1458531" "titulo" => "Graphical abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1458533" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1329589" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1329590" "titulo" => "Abbreviations" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1458532" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1329588" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and Methods" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Data Analysis" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Ethics Approval" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Result" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Funding Source" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Conflict of Interests" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2020-01-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2020-03-21" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1329589" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Lung cancer" 1 => "Screening" 2 => "Surgery" 3 => "Survival" 4 => "Low-dose CT" 5 => "P-IELCAP" ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "clase" => "abr" "titulo" => "Abbreviations" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1329590" "palabras" => array:18 [ 0 => "LC" 1 => "LCS" 2 => "LDCT" 3 => "I-ELCAP" 4 => "NLST" 5 => "NELSON" 6 => "P-ELCAP" 7 => "EBUS" 8 => "EUS" 9 => "COPD" 10 => "MLND" 11 => "MLNS" 12 => "SBRT" 13 => "FNAC" 14 => "VATS" 15 => "RATS" 16 => "CI" 17 => "SD" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1329588" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Cáncer de pulmón" 1 => "Cribado" 2 => "Cirugía" 3 => "Supervivencia" 4 => "Tomografía computarizada de baja dosis" 5 => "P-IELCAP" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Objective</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. More than 27,000 LCs are diagnosed annually in Spain, and most are unresectable. Early detection and treatment reduce LC mortality. This study describes surgical outcomes in a longstanding LC screening cohort in Spain.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Methods</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a retrospective study of surgical outcomes in a LC screening (LCS) program using low dose computed tomography (LDCT) since the year 2000. A descriptive analysis of clinical and radiological parameters, presence or absence of a preoperative diagnosis, pathological staging, morbidity, mortality, and survival was performed.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Results</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ninety-seven (2.5%) LC were diagnosed in 3825 screened. Twenty individuals with LC had no surgery due to advanced stage or small cell histology. Eighty-seven surgical procedures were carried out for suspected or biopsy proven LC, detected by LDCT. Most operated patients were male (57[85%]) aged 64<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9.1 years. Nine patients underwent a second operation for a metachronous primary lung cancer. Mean tumor size was 15.2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7.6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm. Eight nodules were benign (9.2%). Lobectomy was performed in 56 cases (83.6%). Adenocarcinoma (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>39; 58.2%) was the most frequent histological type followed by squamous cell carcinoma (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17; 25.4%). Fifty-nine (88%) tumors were in Stage I. Thirteen patients (15.4%) had 16 complications. The estimated survival rates at 5 and 10 years for stage I were 93% (95% CI: 79%–98%) and 83% (95% CI: 65%–92%), respectively.</p></span> <span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Lung cancer screening was associated with excellent surgical outcomes with 5 and 10-year survival rates exceeding 90 and 80%, respectively.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Objective" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El cáncer de pulmón (CP) es la principal causa de muerte por cáncer en todo el mundo. En España se diagnostican anualmente más de 27.000 CP y la mayoría son irresecables. La detección y el tratamiento tempranos reducen la mortalidad por CP. Este estudio describe los resultados quirúrgicos en una cohorte de cribado de CP de larga duración en España.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Métodos</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Llevamos a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de los resultados quirúrgicos de un programa de cribado de CP (CCP) usando tomografía computarizada de baja dosis (LDCT, por sus siglas en inglés) en marcha desde el año 2000. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los parámetros clínicos y radiológicos, presencia o ausencia de un diagnóstico preoperatorio, estadificación patológica, morbilidad, mortalidad y supervivencia.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Resultados</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se diagnosticaron 97 (2,5%) CP entre 3.825 sujetos cribados. Veinte personas con CP no se sometieron a cirugía debido a un estado avanzado de la enfermedad o a una histología de células pequeñas. Se llevaron a cabo 87 procedimientos quirúrgicos por sospecha de CP o CP demostrado mediante biopsia, detectados en la LDCT. La mayoría de los pacientes operados fueron varones (57 [85%]) de 64 años<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9,1 años. Nueve pacientes se sometieron a una segunda operación por un cáncer de pulmón primario metacrónico. El tamaño medio del tumor fue de 15,2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>7,6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm. Ocho nódulos fueron benignos (9,2%). Se realizó lobectomía en 56 casos (83,6%). El adenocarcinoma (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>39; 58,2%) fue el tipo histológico más frecuente seguido por el carcinoma de células escamosas (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>17; 25,4%); 59 (88%) tumores se encontraban en estadio I. Trece pacientes (15,4%) tuvieron 16 complicaciones. Las tasas de supervivencia estimadas a los 5 y 10 años para el estadio I fueron del 93% (IC 95%: 79 al 98%) y del 83% (IC 95%: 65 al 92%), respectivamente.</p></span> <span id="abst0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El CCP se asoció con excelentes resultados quirúrgicos y con tasas de supervivencia a los 5 y 10 años superiores al 90 y al 80%, respectivamente.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Objetivo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Métodos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0045" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia></p>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0050" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:9 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1093 "Ancho" => 1500 "Tamanyo" => 100298 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan–Meier overall survival curve.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1098 "Ancho" => 1508 "Tamanyo" => 102987 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan–Meier survival curve for all patients diagnosed as pathologic stage I.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Surgical Patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>87) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Preoperative pathological diagnosis obtained by: \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (19.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">CT guided FNAC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Bronchoscopy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">EBUS (Endobronchial ultrasound) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">EUS (Endoscopic ultrasound) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Surgical wedge resection<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2509545.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Biopsy without curative resection due to absence of definitive intraoperative diagnosis.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Preoperative Diagnosis Technique.</p>" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Benign Lesions/Screening Process False Positives \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cases (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>87) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Histopathology, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (9.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pulmonary fibrosis: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (37.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lymph node: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (25%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Sclerosing haemangioma: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (12.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia: <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (12.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chronic inflammatory process \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (12.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2509548.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Confirmed Surgical Benign Diagnosis.</p>" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patients Characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Males, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">57 (85%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Females, n (%)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">10 (15%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Age, Mean (SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">34 (9.1) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BMI, Mean (SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">26.9 (4.7) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pack/years, Mean (SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">53 (24) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FVC, Mean (SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3.9 (0.9) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV1, Mean (SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2.6 (31.3) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">FEV1/FVC, Mean (SD)</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67 (9.4) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Health status, n (%)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>No COPD nor emphysema \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">11 (16.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>COPD (only) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (10.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Emphysema (only) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">21(31.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>COPD and emphysema \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">28 (41.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2509544.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patient Characteristics.</p>" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>67 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Method of resection, n (%)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Posterolateral thoracotomy</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">44 (65.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anterolateral thoracotomy</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (6.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Axillary thoracotomy</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (4.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">15 (22.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Type of resection,</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">n</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">(%)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Sublobar</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Segmentectomy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (4.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Wedge resection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">7 (10.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Lobectomy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">56 (83.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pneumonectomy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Lymph node resection,</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">n</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">(%)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mediastinal lymph node dissection</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">37 (55.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mediastinal lymph node sampling</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">30 (44.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="2" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Histopathology,</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">n</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleBold">(%)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Adenocarcinoma</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">39 (58.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Squamous</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">17 (25.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Large cell</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (11.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Small cell</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Typical carcinoid</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Atypical carcinoid</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (1.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2509546.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Surgical Lung Cancer Patients’ Characteristics.</p>" ] ] 6 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Surgical Lung Cancer Patients \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Baseline LDCT (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Annual LDCT (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Stage</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">35 (87.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">24 (88.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">59 (88%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (7.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">3 (7.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">1 (3.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">4 (6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 (59.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">27 (40.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">67 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab2509547.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Pathological Staging of Surgical Patients From Baseline and Annual LDCT.</p>" ] ] 7 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.mp3" "ficheroTamanyo" => 11348983 ] ] 8 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "fx1.jpeg" "Alto" => 687 "Ancho" => 1333 "Tamanyo" => 78736 ] ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:47 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J. 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