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Vol. 45. Issue 3.
Pages 122-126 (March 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue 3.
Pages 122-126 (March 2009)
Original article
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Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation in Valencia, Spain: From Theory to Practice
Ventilación mecánica no invasiva en la Comunidad Valenciana: de la teoría a la práctica
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Eusebi Chinera,
Corresponding author
chiner_eus@gva.es

Corresponding author.
, Mónica Llomparta, Miguel Ángel Martínez-Garcíab, Estrella Fernández-Fabrellasc, Rafael Navarrod, Ángela Cerverac, on behalf of the Working Group on Sleep-Apnea Syndrome and Noninvasive Mechanical Invasion of the Pulmonology Society of Valencia
a Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
b Hospital de Requena, Requena, Valencia, Spain
c Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
d Hospital General Universitario, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

To obtain representative data on the type, frequency of use, and availability of resources for noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) in hospitals (acute respiratory failure) and at home (chronic respiratory failure).

Method

We sent a purpose-designed questionnaire to all the hospitals in the Autonomous Community of Valencia, Spain and followed up with a telephone interview.

Results

Seventy percent of the hospitals responded to the survey. NIV was used to treat patients with acute respiratory episodes in 100% of the intensive care units and in 88% of the respiratory medicine departments. The most common diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (mean [SD] 60% [20%]), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (22% [12%]), neuromuscular diseases (6.5% [8%]), and kyphoscoliosis (6.5% [7%]). Other diseases accounted for 4% [11%] of cases. Emergency departments used NIV in 69% of patients, internal medicine departments in 37%, hospital-based home care units in 19%, and other departments in 12%. None of the hospitals that responded to the survey had an intermediate care unit and considerable differences were found in terms of NIV systems used. Home NIV was provided by 88% of hospitals. Patients using home NIV had COPD (31% [18%]), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (30% [18%]), neuromuscular diseases (16% [23%]), kyphoscoliosis (12% [10%]), and other diseases (11% [17%]). Patient numbers varied greatly from one hospital to the next. Home NIV was delivered using a nasal interface in 65% (32%) of cases, an oral-nasal interface in 33% (33%), a tracheostomy tube in 2% (3%), and a mouthpiece in 1% (3%). Only 31.3% of hospitals has a specialized home NIV unit. Home monitoring was performed mainly by service providers. We calculated that home NIV was used in 29 individuals per 100 000 population. Only 50% of the respiratory medicine departments surveyed had written NIV protocols; the corresponding percentages for other departments were 44% for home care units, 19% for emergency departments, and 12% for internal medicine departments.

Conclusions

We observed differences in the type of equipment used, and considerable deficiencies in the availability of human and material resources and support systems. Although NIV is mostly used in hospitals to treat patients with acute respiratory failure, home NIV is also very common and is characterized by greater variability in terms of the number and type of patients. We also observed deficiencies in terms of written protocols for patients with acute and chronic disease.

Keywords:
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation
Resources
Home mechanical ventilation
Resumen
Objetivo

Obtener datos representativos acerca del abordaje, la prevalencia y los recursos disponibles para la práctica de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva (VMNI), tanto en pacientes agudos como en domicilio.

Método

Mediante un cuestionario específico por vía electrónica reforzado con encuesta telefónica se recabó información de todos los hospitales de la Comunidad Valenciana.

Resultados

Se obtuvieron datos del 70% de los centros encuestados. Durante los episodios agudos la VMNI se realizaba en la unidad de cuidados intensivos en el 100% de los casos y en el servicio de neumología en el 88%; las enfermedades más frecuentes (media±desviación estándar) fueron las siguientes: enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC; 60±20%), síndrome de obesidad-hipoventilación (22±12%), enfermedades neuromusculares (6,5±8%), cifoescoliosis (6,5±7%) y otras (4±11%). La VMNI se realizaba en urgencias en el 69% de los casos, en medicina interna en el 37%, en la unidad de hospitalización domiciliaria en el 19% y en otros servicios en el 12%. Ninguno de los hospitales encuestados dispone de Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios y existió gran disparidad entre los sistemas de VMNI empleados. La VMNI en domicilio se efectuaba en el 88% de los hospitales y se aplicaba a pacientes con EPOC (31±18%), síndrome de obesidad-hipoventilación (30±18%), enfermedades neuromusculares (16±23%), cifoescoliosis (12±10%) y otras enfermedades (11±17%), con amplia variabilidad en el número de pacientes por hospital. El tipo de interfaz domiciliaria fue nasal en el 65±32% de los casos, oronasal en el 33±33%, traqueostomía en el 2±3% y bucal en el 1±3%. Sólo disponía de consulta monográfica el 31,3% de los hospitales. El control domiciliario lo realizaban principalmente empresas suministradoras. La prevalencia calculada de VMNI domiciliaria fue 29/100.000. Sólo el 50% de los centros disponía en neumología de protocolos de VMNI para pacientes hospitalizados, un 44% para domicilio, un 19% para urgencias y un 12% para medicina interna.

Conclusiones

Se observan importantes carencias en recursos humanos y técnicos, disparidad en el material empleado y escasez en sistemas de apoyo. Aunque en la mayoría de los hospitales la VMNI se realiza en pacientes agudos, el número y el tipo de pacientes que reciben VMNI en su domicilio son más variables, pero la VMNI en domicilio presenta alta prevalencia. Además, se objetiva falta de protocolos escritos tanto para pacientes agudos como crónicos.

Palabras clave:
Ventilación mecánica no invasiva
Recursos
Ventilación domiciliaria
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Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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