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Vol. 41. Issue 5.
Pages 249-254 (May 2005)
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Vol. 41. Issue 5.
Pages 249-254 (May 2005)
Original Articles
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Medical and Surgical Management of Noniatrogenic Traumatic Tracheobronchial Injuries
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A. Gómez-Caro Andrésa,
Corresponding author
abelitov@yahoo.es
ablgomez@hotmail.com

Correspondence: Dr. A. Gómez-Caro Andrés. Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Ctra. de Andalucía, km 5,400. 28041 Madrid. España
, P. Ausín Herrerob, F.J. Moradiellos Díeza, V. Díaz-Hellína, E. Larrú Cabreroa, J.A. Pérez Antóna, J.L. Martín de Nicolása
a Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Objective

TO describe the medical and surgical management of noniatrogenic traumatic tracheobronchial injuries.

Patients and methods

From January 1993 to July 2004, 15 cases of traumatic tracheobronchial injury were treated in our department. The diagnosis was established by bronchoscopy and a computed tomography chest scan was performed on all patients. Surgical treatment was selected for patients with unstable vital signs, an open tracheal wound, associated esophageal lesions, progression of subcutaneous or mediastinal emphysema, mediastinitis or suspicious mediastinal secretions on imaging tests, or difficulties with mechanical ventilation due to the traumatic tracheobronchial injury.

Results

The mean (SD) age of the patients was 35.5 (18.9) years and 12 (80%) were male. Of the 15 cases, 13 (86.7%) had penetrating trauma and 2 (13.3%) blunt trauma. The most common location of the injury was in the bronchi (9 cases; 60%), followed by the cervical trachea (4 cases; 26.6%), followed by both the thoracic trachea and bronchi (2 cases; 13.4%). The most common initial symptom was subcutaneous emphysema, which presented in 11 (73.3%) patients. Chest (12 cases; 86.7%) and orthopedic injuries (9 cases; 60%) were the most common associated injuries. Surgery was the treatment of choice in 11 (73.3%) cases and conservative medical treatment in 4 (26.7%). An irreversible brain injury caused the death of 1 patient receiving conservative treatment.

Conclusions

Tracheobronchial injuries may be treated conservatively if they meet strict selection criteria. Size and location should not be used as selection criteria for surgical treatment.

Key Words:
Tracheobronchial injuries
Trauma
Bronchial rupture
Subcutaneous emphysema
Bronchoscopy
Thoracotomy
Objetivo

Describir el manejo médico-quirúrgico de las lesiones traqueobronquiales traumáticas no iatrogénicas.

Patientes y métodos

De enero de 1993 a julio de 2004 se registraron en nuestro servicio 15 casos de lesiones traqueobronquiales traumáticas. En todos los pacientes el diagnóstico se estableció por broncoscopia y a todos se le realizó una tomografía computarizada de tórax. Se eligió tratamiento quirúrgico cuando había inestabilidad vital del paciente, herida traqueal abierta, lesiones esofágicas asociadas, progresión de enfisema subcutáneo o mediastínico, mediastinitis o colecciones mediastínicas sospechosas en pruebas de imagen o dificultades en la ventilación mecánica por la lesión tra-queobronquial traumática.

Resultados

La edad media (± desviación estándar) de los pacientes fue de 35,5 ± 18,9 años y 12 (80%) eran varones. Se registraron 13 traumatismos cerrados (86,7%) y 2 abiertos (13,3%). La localización más frecuente de la lesión fue bronquial (9 casos; 60%), seguida de tráquea cervical (4 casos; 26,6%) y tráquea toracicobronquial (2 casos; 13,4%). El síntoma inicial más frecuente fue el enfisema subcutáneo, que presentaron 11 pacientes (73,3%). Las lesiones asociadas más frecuentes fueron torácicas, con 12 casos (86,7%), seguidas de ortopédicas, con 9 (60%). El tratamiento de elección fue quirúrgico en 11 casos (73,3%) y médico con-servador en 4 (26,7%). Falleció una paciente tratada de forma conservadora por lesión cerebral irreversible.

Conclusiones

Las lesiones traqueobronquiales pueden tratarse de forma conservadora si cumplen criterios estric-tos de selección. El tamaño o la localización no debe ser un criterio para la elección del tratamiento quirúrgico.

Palabras clave:
Lesiones traqueobronquiales
Traumatismo
Rotura bronquial
Enfisema subcutáneo
Broncoscopia
Toracotomía
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Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
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