Journal Information
Vol. 28. Issue 6.
Pages 260-263 (August - September 1992)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 28. Issue 6.
Pages 260-263 (August - September 1992)
Full text access
Estimulación transcraneal magnética del diafragma bajo diversas situaciones ventilatorias
Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the diaphragma under different ventilatory situations
Visits
3137
J. Gea, J.M. Espadaler, X. Arán, A. Valls, J. Sauleda, J.M. Broquetas
Servei de Pneumologia y Servei de Neurofisiologia. Hospital del Mar. Institut Municipal d’Investigació Médica (IMIM). Barcelona
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics

En los últimos años se ha descrito una técnica que permite inducir actividad diafragmática mediante estimulación del córtex cerebral con un campo magnético externo. Esta técnica facilita el estudio de centros y vías nerviosos relacionados con el control de la ventilación. En este trabajo se describe la respuesta del diafragma ante el estímulo cortical efectuado en tres situaciones ventilatorias diferentes: patrón espontáneo, ventilación voluntaria máxima tipo jadeo y apnea voluntaria a capacidad funcional residual. Se estudiaron 13 voluntarios sanos, con una edad de 27 ± 1 años. En situación basal, la amplitud del potencial de acción diafragmático (CMAP) fue de 0,8 ± 0,2 mV, con un tiempo de conducción (latencia) de 16,5 ± 0,3 mseg. Durante la hiperventilación voluntaria se produjo una facilitación importante de la respuesta (CMAP, 2,2 ± 0,4 mV, p < 0.01; latencia, 15,9 ± 0,2 mseg, p <0.01), mientras que en apnea, ésta se vio discretamente dificultada (CMAP, 0,5 ± 0,1 mV, p=0,001; latencia, 17, 2 ± 0,5 mseg, NS, p=0.05). Esto sugiere que aferencias corticales relacionadas con la voluntariedad del patrón ventilatorio o, alternativamente, aferencias periféricas referidas a este patrón, pueden modificar la respuesta diafragmática al estímulo cortical.

During the last years, a techinque that allows diaphragmatic cativity induced by stimulation of the cerebral cortex with an external magnetic field has been developed. This procedure enables the study of neural centers and pathways involved in the control of pulmonary ventilation. This study describes the diaphragmatic response to a cortical stimulus evoked under three different ventilatory situations: spontaneous pattern, maximal voluntary ventilation «gasping» type, and voluntary apnea to residual functional capacity. We studied 13 healthy volunteers aged 27 ± 1 years. At the basal State, amplitude of diaphragmatic action potential (DAP) was 0.8 ± 0.2 mV and the conduction time (latency) was 16.5 ± 0.3 ms. During voluntary hyperventilation we observed a notorius facilitation of the response (DAP: 2.2 ± 0.4 mV, p < 0.01; latency: 15.9 ± 0.2 ms, p < 0.01, whereas that during apnea the response was slightly difficulted (DAP: 0.5 ± 0.1 mV, p = 0.001; latency: 17.2 ± 0.4 ms, p = 0.05, NS). Data suggest that cortical afferent pathways involved in voluntary control of pulmonary pattern or, alternatively, peripheral afferents related to this pattern, can modify the diaphragmatic response to cortical stimulus.

Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.E. Remmers.
Analysis of ventilatory response.
Chest, 134 (1976), pp. 141
[2.]
N.S. Cherniack, A.P. Fishman.
Abnormal breathing patterns.
Disease a Month, (1975), pp. 1-45
[3.]
J. Shneerson.
Physiologi cal investigations.
Disorders of Ventilation. Capítulo 9, pp. 92-108
[4.]
F. Bellemare, B. Bigland-Ritchie.
Central components of diaphragmatic fatigue assessed by phrenic nerve stimulation.
J Appl Physiol, 62 (1987), pp. 1.307-1.316
[5.]
S.C. Gandevia, J.C. Rothwell.
Activation of the human diaphragm from the motor cortex.
J Physiol, 384 (1987), pp. 109-118
[6.]
T. Gualtierotti, A.S. Paterson.
Electrical stimulation of the unexposed cerebral cortex.
J Physiol, 125 (1954), pp. 278-291
[7.]
P.A. Merton, H.B. Morton.
Stimulation of the cerebral cortex in the intact human subject.
Nature, 285 (1980), pp. 227
[8.]
A.T. Barkei, R. Jalinous, I.L. Freeston.
Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex.
[9.]
K. Murphy, A. Mier, L. Adams, A. Guz.
Putative cerebral cortical involvement in the ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 in conscious man.
J Physiol, 420 (1990), pp. 1-18
[10.]
J. Gea, J.M. Espadaler, A. Valls, X. Aran, J.M. Broquetas.
Magnetic transcranial cortical stimulation. A direct method to assess control of breathing underclinical conditions.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 141 (1990), pp. A 379
[11.]
R. Guiu, J.M. Espadaler, J. Gea, et al.
Validation of surface electrodes for recording of the diaphragmatic response induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Eur Respir J, 14 (1991), pp. 249S
[12.]
B.G. Ferris.
Epidemiology standardization project. IL Recommended respiratory disease questionnaires for use with adults and children in epidemiological research.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 118 (1978), pp. 7-53
[13.]
Medical Research Council Commitee on the Aetiology of Chronic Bronchitis.
Standardized questionnaires on respiratory symptoms.
Br Med J, 2 (1960), pp. 1.665
[14.]
J. Roca, J. Sanchís, A. Agustí-Vidal, et al.
Spirometric reference values for a mediterranean population.
Bull Europ Physiopathol Respir, 22 (1986), pp. 217-224
[15.]
J. Roca, F. Segarra, R. Rodríguez-Roisín, E. Cobo, J. Martínez, A. Agustí-Vidal.
Static lung volumes and single breath diffusing capacity from a Latin population.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 131 (1985), pp. A352
[16.]
S.H. Wilson, N.T. Cooke, R.H.T. Edward, S.G. Spiro.
Predicted normal values for maximal respiratory pressures in caucasian adults and children.
Thorax, 39 (1984), pp. 535-538
[17.]
J. Gea, J.M. Espadaler, J. Sauleda, et al.
Differences in diaphragmatic response to transcranial magnetic stimulation during automatic (CO2 induced) and voluntary hyperventilation.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 143 (1991), pp. A192
[18.]
J. Gea, J. Sauleda, J.M. Espadaler, et al.
Diaphragmatic activity due to magnetic stimulation of the brain during voluntary apneas performed at different lung volumes in healthy subjects.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 143 (1991), pp. A 193
Copyright © 1992. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?