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Letter to the Editor
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA)-Negative Vasculitis in a Patient With Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
Vasculitis con Anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA) negativos en paciente con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina
Juan Marco Figueira Gonçalves
Corresponding author
juanmarcofigueira@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Rosella D’amato
Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 62-year-old man&#44; former smoker of 20 pack-years&#44; with a history of arterial hypertension&#44; diabetes mellitus and previous ictus with no neurological sequelae&#46; He was referred from the respiratory medicine clinic with dyspnea on moderate effort &#40;mMRC 2&#41;&#46; Lung function tests showed FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span>&#47;FVC 47&#37;&#59; FEV<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1</span> 1&#46;4 l &#40;44&#37;&#41;&#59; FVC 3&#46;3 l &#40;82&#37;&#41;&#59; VR 4&#46;4 l &#40;182&#37;&#41;&#59; TLC 8&#46;0 l &#40;119&#37;&#41;&#59; DLCO 49&#37; and KCO 59&#37;&#46; Chest computed tomography showed severe panacinar emphysema&#44; primarily in the lower lobes&#46; Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin &#40;AAT&#41; deficiency &#40;28&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41; associated with ZZ phenotype was observed&#46; A diagnosis of COPD with severe airflow obstruction and type ZZ alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency &#40;AATD&#41; was made&#44; and after abdominal ultrasound confirmed chronic liver disease&#44; the decision was made to administer replacement AAT&#46; Before initiation of treatment&#44; the patient had an episode of epistaxis associated with purplish lesions in the lower limbs&#44; tending to converge&#44; with no blanchability on diascopy&#46; Pathology study results showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis in small and medium caliber vessels&#44; associated with elevated IgA &#40;754<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl&#41;&#44; microhematuria and proteinuria suggestive of nephritis&#46; Together&#44; these signs were consistent with a diagnosis of adult Henoch&#8211;Sch&#246;nlein purpura &#40;HSP&#41;&#46; ANCA antibodies &#40;MPO&#60;0&#46;8<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;ml and anti-PR3&#60;0&#46;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IU&#47;ml&#41; and ENA were negative&#59; ANA were positive with a titer of 1&#47;160 in a fine speckled pattern&#46; On the basis of this diagnosis&#44; treatment began with oral corticosteroids &#40;0&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;kg&#47;day&#41; in a tapering regimen&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">One month after beginning this treatment&#44; the patient suffered a fall at home and injured his left arm&#44; with subsequent development of diffuse arthralgia and asthenia&#46; Magnetic resonance imaging revealed cellulitis&#44; arthritis and synovitis in the distal radioulnar and carpometacarpal joints of the upper left limb&#46; Synovial biopsy and fluid culture were performed&#44; confirming synovitis with positive multi-resistant <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> culture&#46; Despite the administration of wide-spectrum antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids&#44; the patient developed multiorgan failure and died in the intensive care unit&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A review of AATD and concomitant necrotizing vasculitis shows that microscopic polyangiitis and Wegener&#39;s granulomatosis are the most common forms&#44; while HSP is an unusual manifestation&#46; The mean age for presentation is generally around 48 years&#44; and there is no prevalence with regard to sex&#46; All cases present skin involvement&#44; along with kidney or joint disease&#46; In cases of HSP&#44; hepatic cirrhosis is usually observed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our patient presented the foregoing conditions&#44; further complicated by severe sepsis due to cellulitis and arthritis of the wrist&#46; Evidence shows that AATD patients can occasionally develop necrotizing panniculitis induced by injury&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> In our case&#44; the histological diagnosis could not be confirmed&#44; since a synovial biopsy&#44; rather than a skin biopsy&#44; was obtained&#44; but the clinical signs and symptoms and progress were consistent with this diagnosis&#46;</p></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 15792129
Original language: English
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