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Vol. 36. Issue 9.
Pages 515-518 (October 2000)
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Vol. 36. Issue 9.
Pages 515-518 (October 2000)
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Errores diagnósticos relacionados con la tuberculosis en enfermos hospitalizados
Diagnostic errors related to tuberculosis among hospitalized patients
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J.E. Ollé Goig*
Asociación Catalana para la Prevención y Tratamiento de la Tuberculosis en el Tercer Mundo (ACTMON). Barcelona.
Antiguo representante y asesor médico en Bolivia de la Asociación Alemana de Ayuda al Enfermo de Lepra (DAHW).
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Objetivo

Evaluar si los enfermos hospitalizados erróneamente por tuberculosis (TB) cuando no la padecían, o por otra enfermedad cuando sólo padecían TB, se podían haber diagnosticado inicialmente de forma correcta.

Métodos

Revisión de los registros hospitalarios de los enfermos ingresados con diagnósticos erróneos a partir de un estudio transversal observacional de todos los enfermos internados en la sala TB del Hospital San Juan de Dios de la ciudad de Santa Cruz, Bolivia, durante 28 meses consecutivos.

Resultados

Entre los 650 enfermos ingresados se diagnosticaron erróneamente 64 enfermos (9,8%). Al ser internados, toda la información clínica fundamental estaba registrada en las historias de 10 enfermos (15,6%) y en el examen físico de 28 (43,8%). La historia clínica y el examen físico completos y la interpretación correcta de la radiografía habría identificado correctamente el diagnóstico en 34 enfermos (53,2%) y lo habría sugerido en otros 23 (35,9%). Dicha información más los resultados de la baciloscopia habrían podido determinar la presencia o no de TB en 32 enfermos (50,0%) y sugerida en otros 27 (42%).

Conclusión

La utilización cuidadosa de los instrumentos esenciales de diagnóstico podrá evitar errores clínicos importantes relacionados con la TB antes del ingreso de los enfermos en una sala especializada.

Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis
Diagnóstico
Hospital
Objective

To assess whether diagnostic error could have been avoided for patients who were mistakenly hospitalized for tuberculosis (TB) when in fact TB was not present or who were mistakenly hospitalized for another disease when they in fact had TB.

Methods

This cross-sectional, descriptive study examined the medical records of all patients admitted to the TB ward of Hospital San Juan de Dios (SJD) in Santa Cruz, Bolivia over a period of 28 consecutive months.

Results

Sixty-four (9.8%) of the 650 patients admitted were diagnosed incorrectly. Upon admission, all relevant information was recorded in the medical histories of 10 patients (15.6%) and at the physical examination of 28 patients (43.8%). Taking of a full medical history, performing a complete physical examination, and correctly interpreting the chest film would have led to correct diagnosis for 34 patients (53.2%) and would have been suggestive for 23 (35.9%) more. Such information plus the results of a sputum smear examination could have established or ruled out the presence of TB for 32 patients (50.0%) and suggested the appropriate diagnosis in another 27 patients (42%).

Conclusion

The careful use of basic diagnostic tools could prevent serious clinical errors related to TB before such patients are admitted to a specialized ward.

Key words:
Tuberculosis
Diagnosis
Hospital
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Copyright © 2000. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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