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Vol. 44. Issue 11.
Pages 629-640 (January 2008)
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Vol. 44. Issue 11.
Pages 629-640 (January 2008)
Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR)
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Bronchiectasis
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12351
Montserrat Vendrella,
Corresponding author
mvendrell.girona.ics@gencat.cat

Correspondence: Dra M. Vendrell P.o Canalejas 1, esc. 3, 3.o 1.a 17001 Girona, Spain
, Javier de Graciab, Casilda Olveirac, Miguel Ángel Martínezd, Rosa Giróne, Luis Máizf, Rafael Cantóng, Ramon Collh, Amparo Escribanoi, Amparo Soléj
a Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes)
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CibeRes)
c Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain
d Unidad de Neumología, Hospital General, Requena, Valencia Spain
e Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
f Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
g Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
h Servicio de Rehabilitación, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
i Servicio de Pediatría, Unidad de Neumología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
j Unidad de Fibrosis Quística de Adultos y Trasplante Pulmonar, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Bronchiectasis is the end result of several different diseases that share principles of management. The clinical course usually involves chronic bronchial infection and inflammation, which are associated with progression. The cause of bronchiectasis should always be investigated, particularly when it can be treated. We recommend evaluating etiology, symptoms, bronchial colonization and infection, respiratory function, inflammation, structural damage, nutritional status, and quality of life in order to assess severity and to monitor clinical course. Care should be supervised by specialized units, at least when there is a history of chronic bronchial infection, recurrent exacerbations, or a cause that is likely to respond to treatment. Improving symptoms and halting progression are the goals of management, which is based on treatment of the underlying cause and of acute or chronic infections and on the drainage of secretions. Complications that arise must also be treated. Antibiotic prescription is guided by monitoring how well infection is being controlled, and this is indicated by the color of sputum and a reduction in the number of exacerbations. We recommend inhaled antibiotics when bronchial infection is chronic and does not respond to oral antibiotics or when these cause side effects, or when the cause is Pseudomonas species or other bacteria resistant to oral antibiotics. Inhaled administration is also advisable to treat initial colonization by Pseudomonas species.

Key words:
Bronchiectasis
Exacerbation
Bronchial colonization
Bronchial infection
Bronchial inflammation

Las bronquiectasias son el resultado final de enfermedades diferentes que tienen puntos de manejo comunes. Suelen cursar con infección e inflamación bronquiales crónicas que se asocian con progresión. Siempre debe investigarse la etiología, en especial de las tributarias de tratamiento. Para valorar la gravedad y hacer el seguimiento, recomendamos evaluar la etiología, la clínica, la colonización-infección bronquial, la función respiratoria, la inflamación, el daño estructural, el estado nutricional y la calidad de vida. Su atención debería realizarse en unidades especializadas, al menos en casos de infección bronquial crónica, agudizaciones repetidas o etiología susceptible de tratamiento. El tratamiento tiene como objetivo mejorar la clínica y detener la progresión, y se basa en el tratamiento de la etiología, de la infección aguda y crónica, en el drenaje de secreciones y en el tratamiento de las complicaciones. La pauta de administración del antibiótico depende del control de la infección, que se comprueba con el color del esputo y la disminución de las agudizaciones. Recomendamos los antibióticos inhalados en la infección bronquial crónica sin respuesta clínica o con efectos secundarios al antibiótico oral, en la causada por Pseudomonas, en la causada por microorganismos resistentes a los antibióticos orales y en la colonización inicial por Pseudomonas.

Palabras clave:
Bronquiectasias
Agudización
Colonización bronquial
Infección bronquial
Inflamación bronquial
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