Journal Information
Vol. 41. Issue 12.
Pages 649-653 (December 2005)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 41. Issue 12.
Pages 649-653 (December 2005)
Original Articles
Full text access
Comparison Between the 1993 and 2002 Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) for Identifying Respiratory Events in Polysomnography Tests
Visits
3161
J.I. Aguirregomoscortaa,
Corresponding author
jiaguirreur@hgda.osakidetza.net

Correspondence: Dr. J.I. Aguirregomoscorta. Servicio de Respiratorio. Hospital de Galdakao. B.° Labeaga, s/n. 48960 Galdakao. Bizkaia. España
, L. Altubea, I. Menéndezb, A. Romanía, L.V. Basualdoa, G. Vallejoa
a Servicio de Respiratorio, Hospital de Galdakao, Galdakao, Bizkaia, Spain
b Centro de Salud de Llodio, Llodio, Araba, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Objective

TO compare the results of applying both the 1993 and 2002 guidelines of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) to identify respiratory events during nighttime polysomnography tests.

Patients and methods

One hundred twenty consecutive patients with medium to high suspicion of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) were included in the study. The 1993 guidelines recommended the use of a thermistor and the evaluation of only apneas and hypopneas. The 2002 guidelines, on the other hand, recommended the use of a thermistor, nasal pressure cannula, and thoracoabdominal bands so that respiratory effort related to arousals could be studied along with apneas and hypopneas.

In our study we did not use an esophageal pressure catheter. We calculated the apnea index, hypopnea index, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and determined the number of patients who would be diagnosed with SAHS (AH I ≥10) and the number for whom initiation of continuous positive airway pressure treatment would be recommended (AHI ≥30) according to the 2 sets of guidelines.

Results

Polysomnographic tests were valid for 118 of the 120 patients (80% men). The mean (SD) age was 51 (11.6) years and the mean body mass index 31.2 (4.3). Using the 1993 guidelines, the AHI was less than 10 in 25 patients, between 20 and 29 in 38, and 30 or more in 50. In the group overall, mean apnea and hypopnea indices and AHI were all significantly higher with the 2002 guidelines than with the 1993 criteria. With the 1993 criteria, the mean AHI was 33.16 and with 2002 criteria, 45.02 (P<.05). Sixty-four percent of the studies considered normal according to the 1993 SEPAR guidelines were considered apneic according to the 2002 guidelines. Of the patients considered not to need continuous positive airway pressure according to the 1993 SEPAR guidelines, 47.61% did need therapy according to the 2002 guidelines.

Conclusions

There are significant differences in AHI, and in both apnea and hypopnea indices depending on whether the 1993 or the 2002 SEPAR guidelines are applied.

Key Words:
Sleep apnea
Nasal pressure cannula
Respiratory events
Objetivo

Comparar las normativas de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR) de 1993 y 2002 mediante la lectura de los eventos respiratorios de las mismas polisomnografías nocturnas.

Pacientes y métodos

Se ha incluido en el estudio a 120 pacientes consecutivos con sospecha mediaalta de síndrome de apneashipopneas (SAHS) durante el sueño. En la normativa de 1993 se usaba el termistor y sólo se valoraban las apneas y las hipopneas, mientras que en la de 2002 se emplean el termistor, la cánula de presión nasal y las bandas toracoabdominales, y se contabilizan aquéllas y los esfuerzos respiratorios relacionados con el despertar transitorio.

En nuestro estudio no se utilizó la sonda de presión esofágica. Se dedujeron los índices de apneas, hipopneas y apneas-hipopneas (IAH). Se determinó a cuántos pacientes se diagnosticaba de SAHS (IAH ≥ 10) y cuántos eran subsidiarios de tratamiento con presión positiva continua de la vía respiratoria (IAH ≥ 30) al aplicar las 2 normativas.

Resultados

Fueron válidos 118 estudios. El 80% corres-pondía a varones y el 20% a mujeres. La edad media (± desviación estándar) de los pacientes era de 51 ± 11,6 años, y el índice de masa corporal medio de 31,2 ± 4,3. Con la normativa de 1993, 25 pacientes tenían un IAH < 10; 38 entre 10 y 29, y dicho índice era ≥30 en 50 sujetos. En el grupo total, el IAH, el índice de apneas y el de hipopneas fueron significati-vamente mayores con los criterios de 2002. El IAH medio de 1993 era de 33,16, y el de 2002 fue de 45,02 (p < 0,05). El 64% de los estudios normales con la normativa SEPAR de 1993 se consideraron apneicos con la de 2002. El 47,61 % de los pacientes no tratables con presión positiva continua de la vía respiratoria según la normativa SEPAR de 1993 pasó a serlo con la de 2002.

Conclusiones

Existen notables diferencias en el IAH, índice de apneas e índice de hipopneas según se aplique la normativa de la SEPAR de 1993 o la de 2002.

Palabras clave:
Apnea del sueño
Cánula de presión nasal
Eventos respiratorios
Full text is only aviable in PDF
REFERENCES
[1]
JM Marín, X Arán, F Barbé, O Biurrum, JA Fiz, A Jiménez, et al.
Normativa sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS). Recomendaciones SEPAR número 14, Doyma, (1993),
[2]
F Barbé, J Amilibia, F Capote, J Durán, NG Mangado, A Jiménez, et al.
Normativas SEPAR: diagnóstico del síndrome de apneas obstructivas durante el sueño: informe de consenso del área de insuficiencia respiratoria y trastornos del sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 31 (1995), pp. 460-462
[3]
JM Montserrat, J Amilibia, F Barbé, F Capote, J Durán, NG Mangado, et al.
Tratamiento del síndrome de las apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 34 (1998), pp. 204-206
[4]
RG Norman, MM Ahmed, JA Walsleben, DM Rapoport.
Detection of respiratory events during NPSG: nasal cannula/pressure sensor versus thermistor.
Sleep, 20 (1997), pp. 1175-1184
[5]
JM Montserrat, R Farré, R Ballester, M Félez, M Pastó, D Navajas.
Evaluation of nasal prongs for estimating nasal flow.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155 (1997), pp. 211-215
[6]
JJ Hosselet, RG Norman, I Ayappa, M Rapoport.
Detection of flow limitation with a nasal cannula/pressure transducer system.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157 (1998), pp. 1461-1467
[7]
C Guilleminault, R Stoohs, A Clerk, M Cetel, P Maistros.
A cause of excessive daytime sleepiness. The upper airway resistance syndrome.
Chest, 104 (1993), pp. 781-787
[8]
American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force.
Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research.
Sleep, 22 (1999), pp. 667-689
[9]
J Durán, JF Masa.
Síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño.
Arch Bronconeumol, 38 (2002), pp. 1-52
[10]
JM Bland, DG Altman.
Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurements.
Lancet, 8 (1986), pp. 307-310
[11]
F Sériès, I Marc.
Nasal pressure recording in the diagnosis of sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome.
Thorax, 54 (1999), pp. 506-510
[12]
L Hernández, E Ballester, R Farré, JR Badía, R Lobelo, D Navajas, et al.
Performance of nasal prongs in sleep studies. Spectrum of flow-related events.
Chest, 119 (2001), pp. 442-450
[13]
H Trang, V Leske, C Gaultier.
Use of nasal cannula for detecting sleep apneas and hypopneas in infants and children.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 166 (2002), pp. 464-468
[14]
C Xiong, BJ Sjoberg, P Sveider, P Ask, D Loyd, B Wranne.
Problems in timing of respiration with nasal thermistor technique.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 6 (1993), pp. 210-216
[15]
R Farré, JM Montserrat, M Rotger, E Ballester, D Navajas.
Accuracy of thermistors and thermocouples as flow-measuring devices for detecting hypopnoeas.
Eur Respir J, 11 (1998), pp. 179-182
[16]
C Cracowski, JL Pépin, B Wuyam, P Lévy.
Characterization of obstructive nonapneic respiratory events in moderate sleep apnea syndrome.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164 (2001), pp. 944-948
[17]
JJ Hosselet, I Ayappa, RG Norman, A Krieger, DM Rapoport.
Classification of sleep-disordered breathing.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163 (2001), pp. 398-405
[18]
H Teichtahl, D Cunnington, G Cherry, D Wang.
Scoring polysomnography respiratory events: the utility of nasal pressure and oronasal thermal sensor recordings.
Sleep Med, 4 (2003), pp. 417-423
[19]
I Ayappa, RG Norman, AC Krieger, A Rosen, RL O'Malley, DM Rapoport.
Non-invasive detection of respiratory effort-related arousals (RERAs) by a nasal cannula/pressure transducer system.
Sleep, 23 (2000), pp. 763-771
[20]
R Thurnheer, X Xiaobin, KE Block.
Accuracy of nasal cannula pressure recordings for assessment of ventilation during sleep.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164 (2001), pp. 1914-1919
[21]
JF Masa, J Corral, MJ Martín, JA Riesco, A Soj, M Hernández, et al.
Assessment of thoracoabdominal bands to detect respiratory effort-related arousal.
Eur Respir J, 22 (2003), pp. 661-667
[22]
R Farré, J Rigan, JM Montserrat, E Ballester, D Navajas.
Relevance of linearizing nasal prongs for assessing hypopneas and flow limitation during sleep.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 163 (2001), pp. 494-497
[23]
SJ Heitman, RS Atkar, EA Hajduk, RA Wanner, WW Flemons.
Validation of nasal pressure for the identification of apneas/hypopneas during sleep.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 166 (2002), pp. 386-391
[24]
JM Montserrat, R Farré, D Navajas.
How to use the nasal pressure in clinical practice.
Sleep Med, 4 (2003), pp. 381-383
[25]
K Rees, N Kingshott, PK Wraith, NJ Douglas.
Frequency and significance of increased upper airway resistance during sleep.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 1210-1214
Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?