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Vol. 46. Issue 9.
Pages 455-458 (July 2010)
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Vol. 46. Issue 9.
Pages 455-458 (July 2010)
Original Article
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An Inhalation Chamber Model for Controlled Studies of Tobacco Smoke Toxicity in Rodents
Modelo de cámara inhaladora para los estudios controlados sobre la toxicidad del humo del tabaco en los roedores
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José Roberto Jardima,
Corresponding author
Joserjardim@Yahoo.Com.Br

Corresponding author.
, Luciana Bizetob, Anamaria Fleig Mayerc, Aquiles Camelierd, Fernanda Warken Rosae, Daniele Oliveiraf, Daiane Azevedof, Paulo Hilário Saldivae, Milton de Arruda Martinsf,g, Jorge Bonassah, Oliver A. Nascimentoa
a Respiratory Division and Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp)/ Lar Escola São Francisco (Lesf), Brazil
b Experimental Laboratory of Physiopathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
c Physiotherapy Department, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brazil
d Respiratory Division, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
e Faculdade de Tecnologia e Ciências, Universidade Católica do Salvador, Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
f Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
g Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
h Intermed Equipamento Médico Hospitalar Ltda, Brazil
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Abstract
Introduction

Smoking is a serious worldwide public health problem. Animal models act as a bridge between laboratory and human studies. The models applied are difficult to reproduce because of the use of different types of inhalation chambers and mainly because of the lack of continuous monitoring of smoke concentration.

Objective

To develop an inhalation chamber for rats (with only the nose exposed) in which the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) can be maintained and monitored constantly.

Material and methods

Male Wistar rats weighing 250g were exposed to 50 ppm CO produced by the smoke from a filter-free cigarette. The animals were submitted to a single 2-h exposure and then sacrificed at 0, 4, 24 and 48h. The control group was left restrained inside the small perpendicular chambers, receiving only 5 L/min of compressed air.

Results

The model was able to increase HbCO levels immediately after the end of exposure (p<0.001), with a decrease being observed from 2h onwards when compared to the levels of the control group. Plasma cotinine increased immediately after exposure, and showed still detectable levels at 2 and 4h (p<0.05).

Conclusion

We conclude that the presented inhalation chamber system is able to maintain a controlled CO concentration in a model in which small animals are exposed to the inhalation of cigarette smoke, permitting well-controlled studies, as well as investigations involving other toxic gases and air pollutants.

Keywords:
Inhalation chamber
Tobacco
Rats
Pollutants
Environmental exposure
Resumen
Introducción

El tabaquismo constituye un grave problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Los modelos animales actúan como un paso intermedio entre los estudios de laboratorio y los estudios en seres humanos. Los modelos aplicados son difíciles de reproducir debido al uso de diferentes tipos de cámaras inhaladoras y principalmente por la falta de una monitorización constante de la concentración del humo del tabaco.

Objetivo

Desarrollar una cámara inhaladora para ratas (con la exposición exclusiva del hocico) en la que pueda mantenerse y monitorizarse constantemente la cantidad de monóxido de carbono (CO).

Material y métodos

Se expusieron ratas Wistar macho, de 250 g de peso, a 50 partes por millón de CO producido por el humo del tabaco de un cigarrillo sin filtro. Los animales se sometieron a una exposición de 2 h y, acto seguido, fueron sacrificados a las 0, a las 4, a las 24 y a las 48 h. El grupo de control se dejó libre dentro de pequeñas cámaras perpendiculares y solo recibió 5 l/min de aire comprimido.

Resultados

El modelo fue capaz de aumentar la concentración de carboxihemoglobina inmediatamente después del término de la exposición (p<0,001), observándose una disminución desde las 2h en adelante comparado con la concentración del grupo de control. La concentración plasmática de cotinina aumentó inmediatamente después de la exposición y todavía se detectó a las 2 y a las 4h (p<0,05).

Conclusión

Concluimos que este sistema de cámara inhaladora puede mantener una concentración controlada de CO en un modelo en el que se expone a pequeños animales a la inhalación de humo de cigarrillos, lo que permite estudios adecuadamente controlados, al igual que investigaciones sobre otros gases tóxicos y contaminantes ambientales.

Palabras clave:
Cámara inhaladora
Tabaco
Ratas
Gases tóxicos
Contaminantes ambientales
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