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Vol. 46. Issue 9.
Pages 466-472 (July 2010)
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Vol. 46. Issue 9.
Pages 466-472 (July 2010)
Original Article
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Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in Patients with Sleep Apneas
Insuficiencia respiratoria hipercápnica aguda en pacientes con apneas del sueño
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Gabriel Sampola,b,
Corresponding author
gsampol@vhebron.net

Corresponding author.
, Gloria Rodésa, José Ríosc, Odile Romerob,d, Patrícia Lloberesa,b, Ferran Morella,b
a Unidad Multidisciplinaria del Sueño, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Spain
c Laboratorio de Bioestadística y Epidemiología, Unidad de Bioestadística, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
d Unidad Multidisciplinaria del Sueño, Servicio de Neurofisiología, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure (AHRF) is a serious condition observed in some patients with sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). The objective of the present study was to study the clinical characteristics of SAHS patients who develop AHRF and their prognosis.

Patients and method

A total of 70 consecutive SAHS patients who survived an AHRF episode and 70 SAHS patients paired by age with no previous history of AHRF were prospectively studied and followed up for 3 years.

Results

The deterioration of lung function due to obesity or concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) was common in SAHS patients with AHRF. In the multivariate analysis, the risk factors associated with AHRF were baseline PaO2, the theoretical percentage value of the forced vital capacity, alcohol consumption, and benzodiazepines. The mortality during follow up was higher among patients who had AHRF than in the control group. The main cause of death was respiratory, and the coexistence of COPD was identified as a mortality risk factor.

Conclusions

The development of AHRF in SAHS patients is associated with a deterioration in lung function and with alcohol and benzodiazepine consumption. The patients had a higher mortality after the AHRF episode, mainly a respiratory cause. New studies are required that evaluate the different available therapeutic options in these patients.

Keywords:
Sleep apnea
Respiratory failure
Hypercapnia
Sleep
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Resumen
Introducción

La insuficiencia respiratoria hipercápnica aguda (IRHA) es una situación grave observada en algunos pacientes con síndrome de apneas-hipopneas del sueño (SAHS). El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las características clínicas de los pacientes con SAHS involucradas en el desarrollo de la IRHA y su pronóstico.

Pacientes y método

Setenta pacientes con SAHS consecutivos que sobrevivieron un episodio de IRHA y 70 pacientes con SAHS apareados por edad sin antecedentes previos de IRHA fueron estudiados y seguidos de forma prospectiva durante 3 años.

Resultados

El deterioro de la función pulmonar debido a la obesidad o a la coexistencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica fue frecuente en los pacientes con SAHS con IRHA. En el análisis multivariante, los factores de riesgo asociados con IRHA fueron la PaO2 basal, el porcentaje del valor teórico de la capacidad vital forzada y el consumo de alcohol y de benzodiacepinas. La mortalidad durante el seguimiento fue superior entre los pacientes que habían presentado IRHA respecto al grupo control. La principal causa de muerte fue la respiratoria, y la coexistencia de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica se identificó como un factor de riesgo de mortalidad.

Conclusiones

El desarrollo de IRHA en pacientes con SAHS se asocia con la presencia de deterioro de la función pulmonar y con el consumo de alcohol y benzodiacepinas. Después del episodio de IRHA los pacientes presentaron una mortalidad elevada, principalmente de causa respiratoria. Se precisan nuevos estudios que evalúen las distintas alternativas terapéuticas disponibles en estos pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Apneas del sueño
Insuficiencia respiratoria
Hipercapnia
Sueño
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
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