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Vol. 35. Issue 7.
Pages 324-328 (July - August 1999)
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Vol. 35. Issue 7.
Pages 324-328 (July - August 1999)
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Timomas. Estudio retrospectivo
Thymoma. A restropective study
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3775
M.A. Cañizares, A. Arnau*, A. Alberola, E. Montalvá, E. Martín, A. Cantó
Servicios de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital General Universitario. Valencia
A. Péreza, F. Hostaletaa
a Anatomía Patológica. Hospital General Universitario. Valencia
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Revisamos los tumores de la celda tímica tratados desde enero de 1991 hasta marzo de 1998. Diecinueve de los 23 pacientes estudiados presentaban timomas.

Clínicamente ocho (42%) de los timomas fueron asintomáticos, cuatro (21%) se asociaron a miastenia gravis y siete (37%) se presentaron de forma sintomática. El síntoma más frecuente fue el dolor torácico inespecífico, hallándose en cuatro (57%) de los casos sintomáticos.

Siguiendo la clasificación de Masaoka, hubo 12 timomas (63,2%) en estadio I, cuatro (21,1%) en estadio II y tres (15,8%) en estadio III. No se presentaron enfermos en estadio IV.

El tratamiento consistió en exéresis completa del tumor en 17 casos (89,5%), resección incompleta en un caso (5,2%) y biopsia tumoral en otro caso por ser irresecable. Se asoció radioterapia adyuvante en 7 ocasiones. No se utilizó quimioterapia en ninguno de los pacientes estudiados.

El 50% de los pacientes superaron los 21 meses tras la intervención, con un rango en el seguimiento entre 9 y 96 meses. La mortalidad al finalizar el estudio era nula. La supervivencia a los 3, 5 y 7 años fue del 100%.

Los criterios microscópicos, citológicos y biológicos tuvieron escasa importancia para determinar la benignidad y/o malignidad de estos tumores. En los últimos años, la positividad para antígeno p53 y bcl2 se ha relacionado con un peor pronóstico, junto con la estadificación clínica.

Palabras clave:
Timoma
Tumores mediastínicos
Tratamiento quirúrgico

We review cases of thymic cell tumor treated between January 1991 and March 1998. Nineteen of the 23 cases studied involved thymoma.

Eight (42%) were asymptomatic, 4 (21%) were associated with myasthenia gravis and 7 (37%) were symptomatic. The most common symptom was non-specific chest pain, reported by 4 (47%) patients with symptoms.

Classifying the cases of thymoma by Masaoka's system, we found that 12 were cases of thymoma in stage I (63.2%), 4 in stage II (21.1%) and 3 in stage III (15.8%). No stage IV patients were treated.

Treatment consisted of full exeresis of the tumor in 17 (89.5%) cases, partial resection in one case (5.2%) and biopsy of the tumor in one non-resectable, case. Adjuvant radiotherapy was applied in seven cases. Chemotherapy was not prescribed.

With follow-up ranging from 9 to 96 months, half the patients survived 21 months after surgery. Among the surviving patients, mortality was nil at the end of the sstudy.

The results of microscopic, cytologic and blood analyses were of scarce value in differentiating between benign and malignant tumors, even though p53 and bcl2 antigen positivity and clinical stage have been related to poor prognosis in recent years.

Key words:
Thymoma
Mediastinal tumors
Surgical treatment
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Copyright © 1999. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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