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Vol. 39. Issue 9.
Pages 428-430 (September 2003)
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Vol. 39. Issue 9.
Pages 428-430 (September 2003)
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Análisis descriptivo de una serie de casos diagnosticados de mediastinitis aguda
A Descriptive Analysis of a Series of Patients Diagnosed With Acute Mediastinitis
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P. Macrí
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paolomacri@katamail.com

Correspondencia: Sección de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca. P.° San Vicente, 58. 37007 Salamanca. España
, M.F. Jiménez, N. Novoa, G. Varela
Sección de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca. Salamanca. España
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La mediastinitis aguda es una de las enfermedades torácicas más agresivas. La mortalidad varía entre el 14 y el 42%. Nuestro objetivo es presentar un análisis retrospectivo de una serie de 26 casos (20 varones y 6 mujeres) tratados entre enero de 1994 y marzo de 2002 y una revisión de la bibliografía. La mediastinitis fue de origen esofágico en 17 pacientes (8 posquirúrgicas, 4 por rotura iatrogénica, 4 por rotura no iatrogénica y una por cuerpo extraño), de origen bucofaríngeo en 6 pacientes y secundarias a esternotomía media en 3. Se trató quirúrgicamente a 25 pacientes; además del desbridamiento radical y los drenajes, que se hicieron en todos los pacientes, en 10 se practicó una esofaguectomía o resección de plastia gástrica; en 5, suturas primarias de esófago; en uno, plastia de pectoral mayor, y en otro, esternectomía más omentoplastia. Cuatro pacientes fallecieron en los 30 días después de la intervención (15,4%). La mortalidad en nuestro entorno es similar a la descrita en la bibliografía. Los resultados justifican el tratamiento agresivo y temprano.

Palabras clave:
Mediastinitis aguda
Cirugía
Complicaciones
Morbimortalidad

Acute mediastinitis is one of the most aggressive chest diseases. The mortality rate ranges between 14% and 42%. We present a retrospective analysis of a series of 26 cases (20 men and 6 women) treated between January 1994 and March 2002 and review the literature. Mediastinitis originated in the esophagus in 17 patients (8 postoperative, 4 due to iatrogenic perforation, 4 due to noniatrogenic perforation, and 1 due to a foreign body) and in the oropharynx in 6 patients; mediastinitis was secondary to median sternotomy in 3. Twenty-five patients were treated surgically. In addition to radical debridement and drainage, which were carried out on all the patients, 10 also underwent esophagectomy or resection of the esophago-gastric reconstruction, 5 received primary sutures of the esophagus, 1 received reconstructive surgery with a pectoral muscle flap, and 1 underwent sternectomy plus intrathoracic omental transposition. Four patients died within 30 days of surgery (15.4%). The mortality rate in our practice is similar to that described in the literature. The results argue for early, aggressive treatment.

Key words:
Acute mediastinitis
Surgery
Complications
Morbidity
Mortality
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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