RevisiónTabaco y otros factores ambientales en la artritis reumatoideTobacco and other environmental risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis
Section snippets
Introducción
La artritis reumatoide (AR) es la artropatía inflamatoria crónica más frecuente, afecta aproximadamente el 0,5%-1% de la población general y causa una progresiva destrucción articular, discapacidad y disminución de la expectativa de vida. La etiología de la AR es desconocida y su patogenia solo parcialmente conocida al día de hoy. En los últimos años se han estudiado e identificado múltiples factores de riesgo para su desarrollo. Sabemos que intervienen factores genéticos y ambientales y que la
Tabaco e inmunidad
El consumo de tabaco afecta a múltiples órganos, como el sistema respiratorio y cardiovascular, pero también afecta al sistema inmune produciendo una respuesta inflamatoria. Se ha observado que el tabaco afecta la respuesta inmune tanto celular como humoral y podría tener tanto efectos pro-inflamatorios como inmunosupresores a través de mecanismos diversos59. Por un lado se ha descrito que puede incrementar la respuesta inflamatoria, observándose en fumadores un aumento del fibrinógeno sérico,
Conclusiones
Se han estudiado múltiples factores ambientales de predisposición a la AR, aunque no cabe duda que el tabaco se constituye como el factor más ampliamente estudiado y del que existen mayores evidencias científicas sobre su implicación en esta enfermedad. El tabaquismo podría justificar hasta un tercio de los casos de AR seropositivas, ya que el incremento de riesgo asociado al tabaco, parece confinarse básicamente a las AR con autoanticuerpos positivos (FR y/o ACPAs). El efecto del tabaco sobre
Responsabilidades éticas
Protección de personas y animales. Los autores declaran que para esta investigación no se han realizado experimentos en seres humanos ni en animales.
Confidencialidad de los datos. Los autores declaran que en este artículo no aparecen datos de pacientes.Derecho a la privacidad y consentimiento informado. Los autores declaran que en este artículo no aparecen datos de pacientes.
Conflicto de intereses
Los autores declaran no tener ningún conflicto de intereses.
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