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Vol. 29. Issue 6.
Pages 270-273 (August - September 1993)
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Vol. 29. Issue 6.
Pages 270-273 (August - September 1993)
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Patrón ventilatorio en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Ventilation pattern in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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R. Ayerbe García, T. Montemayor Rubio, J.F. Medina Gallardo, F. Ortega Ruiz, R. Otero Candelera, J. Castillo Gómez
Servicio de Neumología. Departamento de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla
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Para analizar el comportamiento del patrón ventilatorio (PV) del paciente con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) durante el esfuerzo y, sobre todo comprobar si existe un diferente PV entre los pacientes hipercápnicos (H) y normocápnicos (N) en reposo y a lo largo del esfuerzo, hemos estudiado a 33 pacientes en situación estable, diagnosticados en base a criterios funcionales: índice FEV1/FVC < 70%. Se hicieron dos grupos según las cifras de presión arterial de carbónico (PaCO2): grupo I (H) de 13 pacientes con PaCO2 > 45 mmHg y grupo II (N) de 20 pacientes con PaCO2 < 45 mmHg. A los 33 sujetos se les practicó una prueba de esfuerzo en tapiz rodante constatándose a lo largo del esfuerzo un aumento progresivo del volumen minuto (VE) (de 9,48±2,8 a 34,12±11 l/min), de la frecuencia respiratoria (f) (de 22±5 a 36±7) y del volumen corriente (VT) (de 430±119 a 946±294ml), así como un acortamiento de los tiempos inspiratorio, espiratorio y tiempo total con la consiguiente elevación del impulso o drive neuromuscular (VT/Ti). Sin embargo, el cociente Ti/Tot o timing no se modificó a lo largo del estudio. Al analizar por separado el grupo I y II no encontramos diferencias en el PV adoptado por ambos grupos durante el reposo y sí las hubo durante el esfuerzo, presentando los hipercápnicos menor VE, VT y flujos.

Ambos grupos de pacientes con EPOC adoptan en reposo igual PV, a pesar de la peor situación mecánica de la que parten los pacientes hipercápnicos por su mayor grado de hiperinsuflación, lo que sí se manifiesta durante el ejercicio con un acortamiento del VT y, por tanto, un menor trabajo respiratorio a expensas de un aumento de la ventilación del espacio muerto.

To analyze the behavior of the ventilation pattern (VP) of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during exercise and over all to prove whether different VP exist among hypercapnic (H) and normocapnic (N) patients resting and throughout exercise, 33 stable patients diagnosed from functional criteria: FEV1/FVC < 70% rate were studied. Two gronps were made according to carbonic blood pressure (PaCO2): group I (H) with 13 patients with PaCO2 > 45mmHg and group II (N) of 20 patients with PaCO2 < 45mmHg. In the 33 patients tests of exercise on a walking machine with Progressive increase of volume being made per minute (VE) (from 9.48±2.8 to 34.12±11 l/mn), respiratory frequency (f) (from 22±5 to 36±7) and of current volume (CV) (from 430 ± 119 to 946±294 ml) as well as a shortening of inspiration, expiration and total time with the consequent elevation of the impulse of neuromuscular drive (CV/Ti) were performed. The Ti/Ttot or timing quotient did not modify throughout the study. Upon separate analysis of groups I and II no differences were found in the VP adopted by both groups during rest while during exercise the hypercapnic patients presented lower VE, CV and flows.

At rest, both groups of patients with COPD adopt equal VP despite the worse mechanical situation of the hypercapnic patients due to their greater degree of hyperinsuflation which becomes manifest during exercise with a shortening of VP and therefore lesser respiratory work at the expense of an increase in dead space ventilation.

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Copyright © 1993. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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