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Vol. 38. Issue 6.
Pages 256-262 (June 2002)
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Vol. 38. Issue 6.
Pages 256-262 (June 2002)
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Características epidemiológicas de las exacerbaciones por EPOC y asma en un hospital general
The epidemiology of COPD and asthma exacerbations in a general hospital
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I. Otero González
Corresponding author
ioteromed@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Dra. I. Otero González. Servicio de Neumoloxia. Hospital Juan Canalejo. Xubias de arriba, 84. 15006 A Coruña
, M. Blanco Aparicio, C. Montero Martínez, P. Valiño López, H. Verea Hernando
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Juan Canalejo. A Coruña
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Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo para conocer las ca-racterísticas clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes que acudieron al servicio de urgencias del hospital con exacerbaciones de asma y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) durante los años 1993 y 1994. El análisis se realizó mediante revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes atendidos durante estos 2 años de acuerdo con un protocolo de estudio previamente establecido

Identificamos 1.592 exacerbaciones en 1.209 pacientes asmáticos, lo que representa el 0,9% del total de urgencias atendidas, y una media ± desviación estándar de 2,2 ± 1,6 (límites, 0–9) de exacerbaciones diarias. Las agudizaciones de EPOC fueron 2.106 en 1.208 pacientes, lo que significa el 1,2% del total de urgencias, y una media diaria de 2,9 (límites, 0–12) casos. La edad media de los pacientes con asma fue de 51,2 (límites, 14–93) años, y la de los que padecían EPOC, de 70,3 (límites, 29–96). Con respecto al sexo, entre los asmáticos el 69,8% eran mujeres y el 30,1%, varones, mientras que entre los pacientes con EPOC el 91,4% eran varones. La tasa de reing resos por asma fue del 3,4% y para la EPOC, del 4,8%. Precisaron internamiento hospitalario el 26,7% de los asmáticos y el 49,4% de las agudizaciones de EPOC. El 22,6% de los pacientes con asma y el 41,6% de los que padecían EPOC acudieron al hospital entre las 0:00 y las 8:00 h

Tanto en el caso del asma como en el de la EPOC, en los meses invernales se registró una mayor afluencia. La correlación observada entre el número de exacerbaciones de asma y EPOC y los casos declarados de gripe en la comunidad para asma fue: r=0,63 (p < 0,0001) y para EPOC, r=0,83 (p < 0,0001)

Nuestros datos destacan la importante carga asistencial que representan las exacerbaciones por enfermedad obstructiva de la vía aérea como motivo de atención hospitalaria urgente y sugieren que las infecciones respiratorias comunitarias podrían ser la causa subyacente

Palabras clave:
Asma
EPOC
Exacerbaciones

This retrospective study identified the clinical and epide-miological characteristics of patients coming to the emergency room of our hospital with exacerbated asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 1993 and 1994. We followed a previously established protocol to review the case histories of patients from both years

The 1,592 exacerbations we identified in 1,209 asthmatics accounted for 0.9% of all emergency visits, with a mean of 2.2 ± 1.6 (0–9) visits daily. The 2,106 exacerbations of COPD in 1,208 patients accounted for 1.2% of all emergencies, with a mean 2.9 (1–12) visits per day. The mean age was 51.2 (14–93) years for asthmatics and 70.3 (29–96) years for COPD patients. Of asthmatics, 69.8% were women and 30.1% were men, whereas 91.4% of COPD patients were men. The readmission rate was 3.4% for asthmatics and 4.8% for COPD patients. The hospitalization rate was 26.7% for asthmatics and 49.4% for COPD exacerbation patients. The hospital saw 22.6% of asthma exacerbations between midnight and 8 a.m. and 41.6% of COPD exacerba-tions during the same time frame

For both diseases, more emergencies occurred in winter. Correlation between asthma and COPD and declared in-fluenza cases in the community were r=0.63 (p < 0.001) for asthma and r=0.83 (p < 0.0001) for COPD

Our findings underline the considerable emergency care burden generated by exacerbations of obstructive airway diseases and suggest that community acquired respiratory infections are usually the underlying cause

Keywords:
Asthma
COPD
Exacerbation
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