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Vol. 38. Issue 8.
Pages 372-375 (August 2002)
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Vol. 38. Issue 8.
Pages 372-375 (August 2002)
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Ventilación no invasiva en pacientes con encefalopatía hipercápnica grave en una sala de hospitalización convencional
Non-invasive ventilation in patients with severe hypercapnic encephalopathy in a conventional hospital ward
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Y. Dueñas-Pareja, S. López-Martín, J. García-García, R. Melchor, M.J. Rodríguez-Nieto, N. González-Mangado, G. Peces-Barba
Corresponding author
gpecesba@fjd.es

Correspondencia: Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Servicio de Neumología Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2. 28040 Madrid
Servicio de Neumología. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Madrid
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Objetivo

Mostrar nuestra experiencia con la ventilación no invasiva (VNI) con doble nivel de presión (BIPAP) en una sala general de neumología en pacientes en estupor o coma hipercápnicos sin criterios de ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI)

Material y métodos

Estudio prospectivo de 13 pacientes, edad media 81 años (límites, 65-96), 10 pacientes presentaban exacerbación de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) con volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (FEV1) medio en situación estable de 35,2 ± 14,6%, índice de Glasgow ingreso=7, tratados con VNI mediante mascarilla facial. Se realizaron controles gasométricos hasta la suspensión de la VNI

Resultados

Tras una media de ventilación de 19 ± 5 h/día en las primeras 48 h y posteriormente 6 ± 1 h/día hasta un promedio total de 74 ± 9 h, sobrevivieron 9 pacientes (69%). En este grupo los valores iniciales medios de pH y pCO2fueron de 7,17 ± 0,028 y 101 ± 9mmHg, respectivamente; de ellos en 7 casos (78%) se revirtió el coma en las primeras 48 h y se observó una mejoría significativa en el valor de pH en el control de las 12-24 h. Los valores medios al alta de pH y pCO2fueron 7,44 ± 0,013 y 54 ± 2,8mmHg, respectivamente. Fallecieron 4 pacientes, cuyos valores gasométricos iniciales o evolutivos hasta las primeras 12-24 h no presentaron diferencia significativa con el grupo de supervivientes

Conclusion

La aplicación de la VNI en una sala general de neumología puede constituir una alternativa a la intubación orotraqueal (IOT) en pacientes en situación de estupor o coma hipercápnicos que no cumplen criterios de ingreso en UCI

Palabras clave:
Ventilación no invasiva (VNI)
Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC)
Estupor
Coma
Insuficiencia respiratoria aguda
Hipercapnia
Objective

To report our experience with non-invasive ventilation (NIV) at two levels of pressure (Bi-PAP) on a general respiratory medicine ward with patients in hypercapnic impaired consciousness and/or coma who had not previously been in an intensive care unit (ICU)

Methods

This was a prospective study of 13 patients, mean age 81 years (65-96), treated with NIV through a face mask. Ten had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with a mean FEV1 in stable condition of 35.2 ± 14.6%. Glasgow scores upon admission were=7. Arterial gases were monitored until suspension of NIV

Results

After NIV for a mean 19 ± 5 h/day in the first 48 hours and later of 6 ± 1 h/day until a total of 74 ± 9 h, 9 patients (69%) survived. The mean initial pH for these patients was 7.17 ± 0.028 and the mean initial pCO2 was 101 ± 9mm Hg. In 7 cases (78%), coma was reversed in the first 48 h and a significant improvement in pH was observed in the 12-24 h analysis. Mean pH upon discharge was 7.44 ± 0.013 and mean pCO2 was 54 ± 2.8mmHg. Four patients died, even though their initial or subsequent arterial gases at 12-24 h were not significantly different from those of the survivors

Conclusion

NIV on a general respiratory medicine ward can offer an alternative to orotracheal intubation for patients with hypercapnic impaired consciousness and/or coma who do not meet the criteria for admission to the ICU

Keywords:
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Impaired consciousness
Coma
Acute respiratory insufficiency
Hypercapnia
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Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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