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Vol. 45. Issue S1.
Pages 21-24 (February 2009)
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Vol. 45. Issue S1.
Pages 21-24 (February 2009)
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Actualización en enfermedad respiratoria y exposición ambiental: una relación invisible
Update in Respiratory Disease and Environmental Exposure: an Invisible Relationship
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Cristina Martínez Gonzáleza,
Corresponding author
cmartinez@hca.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, María Jesús Cruz Carmonab
a Servicio de Neumología, Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, España
b Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, España
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Resumen

En el último año, se han producido contribuciones relevantes en diferentes aspectos de la patología laboral/ambiental respiratoria. En el caso de las enfermedades neoplásicas asociadas a la inhalación de asbesto, las áreas de interés más recientes se sitúan en la búsqueda de marcadores tumorales, la importancia de la determinación del depósito de fibras de amianto en muestras biológicas y en los nuevos regímenes terapéuticos en el mesotelioma pleural maligno. En el asma relacionada con el trabajo, se ha publicado un artículo de consenso en el que se establecen unas recomendaciones basadas en evidencias clínicas, dirigidas al diagnóstico y el manejo del asma relacionada con el trabajo. En referencia a las neumonitis por hipersensibilidad, en una amplia serie de 86 pacientes con pulmón del cuidador de aves se describen las características clínicas y evolutivas de esta patología. En este año se han publicado además interesantes estudios que enfatizan la necesidad de realizar una historia laboral en los pacientes con síntomas respiratorios para sospechar una relación causal o sinérgica con el tabaco. Finalmente, se han publicado resultados de diferentes trabajos dirigidos a elucidar el papel de la contaminación urbana, principalmente derivada del tráfico rodado, en el deterioro de la función pulmonar. Un estudio reciente demuestra que sería posible obtener una significativa reducción de la mortalidad atribuida a la contaminación urbana, reduciendo los niveles de PM 2,5, y concluye que en Europa es necesario adoptar estándares más restrictivos para proteger la salud de los ciudadanos, coincidiendo con la propuesta de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedades respiratorias de origen ocupacional y medioambiental
Asma ocupacional
Asbesto
Contaminación
Alveolitis alérgica
Incapacidad laboral
Abstract

Significant contributions have been made in the past year on different aspects of occupational/environmental respiratory disease. In the case of neoplastic diseases associated with asbestos inhalation, the areas of most interest have been in the search for tumour markers, the importance of the determination of asbestos fibre deposits in biological samples, and new therapeutic schemes in malignant pleural mesothelioma. A consensus article has been published on occupational asthma, in which some clinical evidenced-based recommendations are established, directed at the diagnosis and management of workrelated asthma. As regards hypersensitivity-induced pneumonitis, the clinical and evolutionary aspects of this disease have been described in a large series of 86 patients with pigeon-fancier lung. There have also been interesting studies published this year that emphasise the need to take an occupational history in patients with respiratory symptoms in order to look for a causal or synergic relationship with smoking. Finally, the results of studies have been published which were directed at elucidating the role of urban contamination, mainly caused by road traffic, in the deterioration of lung function. A recent study showed that it would be possible to achieve a significant reduction in urban mortality attributed to urban contamination by reducing the levels of PM 2.5. They conclude that more restrictive standards need to be adopted in Europe to protect the health of the population, which coincides with the proposal by the World Health Organisation.

Keywords:
Respiratory diseases with occupational and environmental origin
Occupational asthma
Asbestos
Pollution
Allergic alveolitis
Labour disability
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Copyright © 2009. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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