Journal Information
Vol. 46. Issue S6.
II Foro Nacional de Neumólogos en Formación
Pages 8-13 (October 2010)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 46. Issue S6.
II Foro Nacional de Neumólogos en Formación
Pages 8-13 (October 2010)
Full text access
Control del asma. Posibles “piedras en el camino”
Asthma control. Possible obstacles along the way
Visits
6084
Ana Kersula, Santi Balmesb, Nuria Rodríguezc, Alfons Torregob,
Corresponding author
Atorrego@Santpau.Cat

Autor para correspondencia.
a Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, España
b Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
c Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, España
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Resumen

Con las pautas terapéuticas actuales, la mayoría de pacientes con asma debería alcanzar un buen control de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, aunque si bien los ingresos y la mortalidad por asma han disminuido, los resultados relativos al nivel de control y calidad de vida están lejos de la situación óptima que sería esperable de acuerdo a la eficacia potencial de los tratamientos. Esta discrepancia puede deberse a diferentes factores y es compleja de analizar. Un mal control del asma puede estar causado por motivos tan diversos como que el paciente no haya entendido como tomar la medicación, u otros como que padezca una comorbilidad no tratada que empeore el asma o bien que sufra una forma de asma grave insensible a los glucocorticoides. En el artículo se repasan circunstancias en las que el mal control del asma sucede por razones atribuibles a aspectos humanos, los cuales pueden ser debidos al propio paciente e independientes a la propia enfermedad, o bien a un déficit en la actuación de los profesionales de la salud en aspectos específicos y circunstancias vinculadas al asma. Además, también se analiza un pequeño pero importante grupo de pacientes con asma en los que la enfermedad en sí misma es grave y refractaria a los tratamientos habituales.

Palabras clave:
Asma
Control
Difícil
Abstract

With current therapeutic regimens, asthma should be well controlled in most patients. However, although asthma-related hospital admissions and mortality have decreased, the potential efficacy of treatments is not translating into optimal asthma control and quality of life. This discrepancy may be due to several factors and is complex to analyze. Poor asthma control can be caused by diverse reasons such as the patient's failure to understand how to take the medication, the presence of an untreated, underlying comborbid condition that aggravates the asthma, and the possibility that the patient has a severe form of glucocorticosteroid-insensitive asthma.

The present article reviews the situations in which poor asthma control occurs for human-related reasons. These situations can be due to patients themselves and be independent of the disease or can be due to inadequate intervention by health professionals in specific areas and circumstances linked to asthma. A small but important group of patients with asthma is also analyzed; in this group, the asthma per se is severe and is refractory to routine treatments.

Keywords:
Asthma
Control
Difficult
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
E.D. Bateman, H.A. Boushey, J. Bousquet, W.W. Busse, T.J. Clark, R.A. Pauwels, S.E. Pedersen, for the GOAL Investigators Group.
Can Guideline-Define Asthma Control Be Achieved ?. The Gaining Optimal Asthma Control Study.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 170 (2004), pp. 936-944
[2.]
E.D. Bateman, H.K. Reddel, G. Eriksson, S. Peterson, O. Ostlund, M.R. Sears, C. Jenkins, M. Humbert, R. Buhl, T. Harrison, S. Quirce, P.M. O’Byrne.
Overall asthma control: the relationship between current and future risk.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 125 (2010), pp. 600-608
[3.]
H.R. Anderson, R. Gupta, D.P. Strachan, E.S. Limb.
50 years of asthma: UK trends from 1955 to 2004.
Thorax, 62 (2007), pp. 85-90
[4.]
K. Rabe, P. Vermeire, J. Soriano, W. Maier.
Clinical management of asthma in 1999: the Asthma Insights and Reality in Europe (AIRE) study.
Eur Respir J, 16 (2000), pp. 802-807
[5.]
K.R. Chapman, L.P. Boulet, R.M. Rea, E. Franssen.
Suboptimal asthma control: prevalence, detection and consequences in general practice.
Eur Respir J, 31 (2008), pp. 320-325
[6.]
B. Harrison, P. Stephenson, G. Mohan, S. Nasser.
An ongoing Confidential Enquiry into asthma deaths in the Eastern Region of th UK, 2001–2003.
Primary Care Resp J, 14 (2005), pp. 303-313
[7.]
D. Robinson, D. Campbell, S. Durham, J. Pfeffer, P. Barnes, K. Chung.
Systematic assessment of difficult-to-treat asthma.
Eur Respir J, 22 (2003), pp. 478-483
[8.]
C. Graeme, J. Graham, G. Heaney.
Difficult to treat asthma in adults.
BMJ, 338 (2009), pp. b494
[9.]
R. Silverman, E. Boudreax, P. Woodruff, S. Clark, A. Carlos, Camargo Jr.
Cigarette smoking among asthmatic adults presenting to 64 Emergency Departments.
Chest, 132 (2003), pp. 1472-1479
[10.]
J. Bellido.
Asma y tabaco: una unión inconveniente.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 340-345
[11.]
J. Sippel, K. Pedula, W. Vollmer, A. Buist, M. Osborne.
Associations of smoking with hospital-based care and quality of life in patients with obstructive airway disease.
Chest, 115 (1999), pp. 691-696
[12.]
R. Sivak, A. Wiater.
Teoría y clínica de la alexitimia.
Paidós SAICF, (1997), pp. 17-33
[13.]
J. Serrano, V. Plaza, B. Sureda, J. De Pablo, C. Picado, S. Bardagí, J. Lamela, J. Sanchis.
Alexithymia: a relevant psychological variable in near-fatal asthma.
Eur Respir J, 28 (2006), pp. 296-302
[14.]
A. Nouwen, M.H. Freeston, R. Labbe, L.P. Boulet.
Psychological factors associated with emergency room visits among asthmatic patients.
Behav Modif, 23 (1999), pp. 217-233
[15.]
K. Lavoie, S. Bacon, S. Barone, A. Cartier, B. Ditto, M. Labrecque.
What Is Worse for Asthma Control and Quality of Life: Depressive Disorders, Anxiety Disorders, or Both?.
Chest, 130 (2006), pp. 1039-1047
[16.]
L.P. Boulet.
Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma.
Eur Respir J, 33 (2009), pp. 897-906
[17.]
E. Oraka, M. King, D. Callahan.
Asthma and Serious Psychological Distress Prevalence and Risk Factors Among US Adults, 2001–2007.
Chest, 137 (2010), pp. 609-616
[18.]
Global asthma physician and patient (GAPP) survey www.gappsurvey.org- 2006.
[19.]
Gibson PG, Powell H, Coughlan J, Wilson AJ, Abramson M, Haywood Bauman A, et el. Educación para el autocuidado y examen médico regular para adultos con asma (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En la Biblioteca Cocrane Plus, 2008 Número 1. Oxford: Update Software Ltd.
[20.]
L.P. Boulet, P. Leblanc, H. Trucotte.
Perception scoring of induced bronchoconstriction as an index of awareness of asthma symptoms.
Chest, 105 (1994), pp. 1430-1433
[21.]
E. Martínez-Moragón, M. Perpiña, A. de Diego, M.E. Martínez-Francés.
Agreement in Asthmatics’ Perception of Dyspnea During Acute and Chronic Obstruction.
Arch. Bronconeumol, 41 (2005), pp. 371-375
[22.]
A.L. Funlbrigge, B.T. Kitch, A.D. Paltiel, et al.
FEV1 is associated with risk of asthma attacks in a pediatric population.
J Allergy Cin Immunol, 107 (2001), pp. 61-67
[23.]
R.A. Nathan, C.A. Sorkness, M. Kosinski, M. Schatz, J.T. Li, P. Marcus, et al.
Developmentr of the asthma contr.ol test: a survey for assessing asthma control test.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 113 (2004), pp. 59-65
[24.]
J.M. Vega, X. Badia, C. Badiola, A. López Viña, J.M. Olaguibel, C. Picado, Covalair investigator Group, et al.
Validation of the Spanish version of the Asthma control test (ACT).
J Asthma, 44 (2007), pp. 867-872
[25.]
V. Plaza, I. Bolívar, J. Giner, M.A. Llauger, A. López-Viña, J.A. Quintano, J. Sanchis, M. Torrejón, J.R. Villa.
Opinión, conocimiento y grado de seguimiento referidos por los profesionales españoles de la Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma (GEMA). Proyecto GEMA-TEST.
Arch Bronconeumol, 44 (2008), pp. 245-251
[26.]
A. Lopez-Vina, R. Aguero-Balbin, J.L. Aller-Alvarez, et al.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of difficult-to-control asthma.
Arch.Bronconeumol, 41 (2005), pp. 513-523
[27.]
Proceedings of the ATS workshop on refractory asthma: current understanding, recommendations, and unanswered questions. American Thoracic Society. Am J.Respir.Crit Care Med. 2000; 162: 2341-51.
[28.]
M.E. Strek.
Difficult asthma.
Proc Am Thorac Soc, 3 (2006), pp. 116-123
[29.]
P.J. Barnes, A.J. Woolcock.
Difficult asthma.
Eur.Respir.J, 12 (1998), pp. 1209-1218
[30.]
E. Martinez-Moragon, J. Serra-Batlles, A. De Diego.
Economic cost of treating the patient with asthma in Spain: the AsmaCost study.
Arch.Bronconeumol, 45 (2009), pp. 481-486
[31.]
A.J. Sandford, T. Chagani, S. Zhu.
Polymorphisms in the IL4, IL4RA, and FCERIB genes and asthma severity.
J.Allergy Clin.Immunol, 106 (2000), pp. 135-140
[32.]
L. Rosa-Rosa, N. Zimmermann, J.A. Bernstein, M.E. Rothenberg, G.K. Khurana Hershey.
The R576 IL-4 receptor alpha allele correlates with asthma severity. J.Allergy Clin.
Immunol, 104 (1999), pp. 1008-1014
[33.]
L.J. Pulleyn, R. Newton, I.M. Adcock, P.J. Barnes.
TGFbeta1 allele association with asthma severity.
Hum.Genet, 109 (2001), pp. 623-627
[34.]
H. Jongepier, H.M. Boezen, A. Dijkstra.
Polymorphisms of the ADAM33 gene are associated with accelerated lung function decline in asthma.
Clin.Exp.Allergy, 34 (2004), pp. 757-760
[35.]
V. Siroux, I. Pin, M.P. Oryszczyn, N. Le Moual, F. Kauffmann.
Relationships of active smoking to asthma and asthma severity in the EGEA study. Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma.
Eur.Respir.J, 15 (2000), pp. 470-477
[36.]
M. Kraft, G.H. Cassell, J.E. Henson.
Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the airways of adults with chronic asthma.
Am J.Respir.Crit Care Med, 158 (1998), pp. 998-1001
[37.]
A. Ten Brinke, J.T. van Dissel, P.J. Sterk, A.H. Zwinderman, K.F. Rabe, EH. Bel.
Persistent airflow limitation in adult-onset nonatopic asthma is associated with serologic evidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.
J.Allergy Clin.Immunol, 107 (2001), pp. 449-454
[38.]
The ENFUMOSA cross-sectional European multicentre study of the clinical phenotype of chronic severe asthma.
European Network for Understanding Mechanisms of Severe Asthma.
Eur.Respir.J, 22 (2003), pp. 470-477
[39.]
S.E. Wenzel, L.B. Schwartz, E.L. Langmack.
Evidence that severe asthma can be divided pathologically into two inflammatory subtypes with distinct physiologic and clinical characteristics.
Am J.Respir.Crit Care Med, 160 (1999), pp. 1001-1008
[40.]
A. Ten Brinke, A.H. Zwinderman, P.J. Sterk, K.F. Rabe, E.H. Bel.
“Refractory” eosinophilic airway inflammation in severe asthma: effect of parenteral corticosteroids.
Am J. Respir.Crit Care Med, 170 (2004), pp. 601-605
[41.]
I.M. Adcock, P.J. Barnes.
Molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance.
Chest, 134 (2008), pp. 394-401
[42.]
B.G. Cosio, A. Torrego, I.M. Adcock.
Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoids.
Arch Bronconeumol, 41 (2005), pp. 34-41
[43.]
J.G. Ayres, J.F. Miles, P.J. Barnes.
Brittle asthma.
Thorax, 53 (1998), pp. 315-321
Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?