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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 77-83 (February 2000)
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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 77-83 (February 2000)
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Valoración de la eficacia de un tratamiento multidisciplinario en un grupo de pacientes obesos con IMC ≥ 35 y alteración de la función pulmonar
Assessment of the efficacy of interdisciplinary treatment of a group of obese patients with BMI ≥ 35 and altered respiratory function
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R. Luquea,*, R. Berdejob, A. Elbustoc, X. Arrázolad, I. Royoa, I. Salegia, L. del Campoe, P. de la Torrea
a Servicio de Neumología. Hospital Aránzazu
b Sección de Neumología. Hospital de Guipúzcoa
c Nutricionista. Hospital Aránzazu. Donostia
d Psicólogo clínico. Hospital Aránzazu. Donostia
e Servicio de Cirugía General. Hospital Aránzazu. Donostia
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Objetivo

Evaluar la efectividad de un tratamiento multidisciplinario de la obesidad en un grupo de pacientes con IMC ≥35 y afectación respiratoria condicionada o relacionada con la obesidad.

Material y método

Se incluyeron 40 obesos entre 18 y 60 años con afectación de la función respiratoria. Se les realizó una evaluación funcional respiratoria que incluía: espirometría, volúmenes de pletismografía, gasometría arterial y poligrafía respiratoria nocturna. Posteriormente, previa evaluación psicológica y nutricional, se inició un tratamiento de la obesidad durante un año con dieta personalizada e intervención psicológica. El seguimiento fue en principio semanal e individualizado y posteriormente grupal. Tras cada 5kg de adelgazamiento se repetían los tests funcionales respiratorios y tras 10kg se repetía la poligrafía de sueño.

Resultados

Se consigue un adelgazamiento de más de 15kg en el 48,6% de los pacientes. Los valores funcionales respiratorios (FVC, FEV1, RV, ERV, PaO2, SatO2) experimentan diferencias significativas entre el inicio y el final del tratamiento. Otro tanto se objetiva en la severidad del síndrome de apnea del sueño (SAS) y en las cifras de presión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) para control del síndrome. Los valores de ácido úrico, glucosa y triglicéridos en sangre se normalizan en un 89, 61 y 50%, respectivamente, tras el adelgazamiento. No se ha encontrado un perfil psicopatológico determinante que identifique al obeso severo aunque los niveles de ansiedad, conducta ante la ingesta, ajuste marital y percepción de la imagen corporal eran rasgos que fundamentalmente estaban alterados.

Conclusiones

En el difícil grupo de obesos con IMC ≥35 el tratamiento multidisciplinario se ha revelado efectivo para conseguir sustanciales pérdidas de peso, mejoras del funcionalismo respiratorio y de la patología del sueño. Este procedimiento, actualmente al alcance de pocos centros, merece ser probado en beneficio de este grupo creciente de pacientes obesos.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad y función respiratoria
Tratamiento multidisciplinario de la obesidad
Objective

To assess the efficacy of an interdisciplinary protocol for treating obesity in a group of patients with BMI ≥35 and with altered respiratory function that was not necessarily related to obesity or not.

Patients and method

Forty obese individuals between 18 and 60 years of age with altered respiratory function were enrolled. Spirometric values, plethysmograph volumes, arterial blood gases, and nighttime respiratory polygraphs were recorded. Following psychological and nutritional evaluation, the patients commenced year-long treatment for obesity involving a personalized diet and psychological counseling. Follow-up was weekly and individualized at first; in later sessions, patients were grouped. Lung function tests were repeated after loss of 5kg. Sleep polygraphy was repeated after loss of 10kg.

Results

Weight loss over 15kg was achieved by 48.6% of the patients. Respiratory function variables: FVC, FEV1, RV, ERV, PaO2 and SatO2 after treatment changed significantly from initial levels. Significant differences were also seen in the severity of sleep apnea and pressures needed for continuous positive airway pressure. Uric acid, glucose and triglyceride blood levels became normal in 89%, 61% and 50% of the patients, respectively, after weight loss. No characteristic psychological profile was identified for severe obesity, although levels of anxiety, eating behavior, marital adjustment and perception of body image were aspects that were fundamentally altered.

Conclusions

In the difficult group of obese patients with BMI ≥35, interdisciplinary treatment has proven effective for achieving substantial weight loss, while improving respiratory function and severity of sleep disorder. This therapy, which is at present viable for few centers, deserves consideration in the interest of benefiting the increasing number of obese patients.

Key words:
Obesity and respiratory function
Interdisciplinary treatment of obesity
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