Journal Information
Vol. 30. Issue 9.
Pages 433-439 (November 1994)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 30. Issue 9.
Pages 433-439 (November 1994)
Full text access
Relación entre hiperrespuesta bronquial inespecífica, variación diaria del flujo espiratorio máximo y necesidades de medicación en pacientes con asma leve
Links between non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity, diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow and dose requirements in patients with mild asthma
Visits
2997
L. Prieto*, V. Gutiérrez, J.M. Bertó, B. Camps, M.J. Pérez
Sección de Alergia. Hospital Doctor Peset. Valencia
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics

Con el fin de estudiar la relación entre hiperrespuesta bronquial inespecífica, variabilidad diaria del flujo espiratorio máximo (FEM) y síntomas de asma, se seleccionaron 36 individuos con asma alérgica de intensidad leve. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a provocación con metacolina hasta inducir descensos del FEV1 mayores del 40% o administrar una concentración de 200 mg/ml. Durante los 14 días siguientes, registraron el FEM tres veces al día y anotaron los síntomas y las necesidades de salbutamol inhalado.

En los 11 pacientes en los que se obtuvieron curvas concentración-respuesta completas, la media geométrica de la variación diaria del FEM (porcentaje de amplitud media) fue del 5,0%, mientras que en los 25 pacientes cuyas curvas no mostraban plateau fue del 8,3% (p < 0,01). En los 36 individuos estudiados se detectó correlación (r=–0,56; p < 0,001) entre la PC20 y el porcentaje de amplitud media del FEM. Sin embargo, en los 11 individuos con curvas completas no pudo detectarse relación entre el porcentaje de amplitud media del FEM y la PC20 (r=-0,31; p=NS) o el nivel del plateau (r=0,19; p=NS) o la EC50 (r=-0,26; p=NS). La media geométrica de la PC20 en los 12 sujetos que necesitaron salbutamol durante los 14 días posteriores a la exploración con metacolina fue de 1,06 mg/dl, mientras que en los individuos que permanecieron asintomáticos fue de 1,32 mg/ml (p=NS). Además, se detectó plateau en 2 de los 12 pacientes que presentaron síntomas de asma y en 9 de los 24 que permanecieron asintomáticos (p=NS).

Concluimos que la hiperrespuesta bronquial inespecífica no es el único factor que condiciona las variaciones diarias del FEM y que, por tanto, hiperrespuesta bronquial y variabilidad de la obstrucción no son términos equivalentes. Además, en los individuos con asma leve, la determinación de la respuesta a la metacolina inhalada carece de utilidad para predecir la evolución a corto plazo de la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Hiperrespuesta bronquial
Asma
Flujo espiratorio máximo

To assess the relation between non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity, we recorded diurnal peak expiratory flow variation (PFV) and asthma symptoms in 36 individuals with mild allergic asthma. The patients were challenged with methacholine to induce decreases greater than 40% in FEV1, or until a maximum of 200 mg/ml had been administered. Over the next 14 days, PFV was measured three times per day and symptoms and inhaled salbutamol requirements were recorded.

In the 11 patients with complete dose-response curves, the geometric mean of diurnal PFV variation (% mean range) was 5.0%; this parameter was 8.3% (p < 0.01) in the 25 subjects whose curves did not reach a plateau. A correlation (r=-0.56, p < 0.001) was found between PC20 and % mean range. PFV for the sample as a whole. In the 11 patients with complete curves, however, no correlation (r=-0.31, p=NS) between % mean range of PFV and PC20 was found. Nor could the plateau (r=0.19, p=NS) or EC50 (r=-0.26, p=NS) be found for these patients. The geometric mean for PC20 in the 12 subjects who needed salbutamol throughout the 14-day study period after methacholine challenge was 1.06 mg/ml; this parameter was 1.32 mg/ml (p=NS) for those with no symptoms. A plateau was reached by 2 of the 12 patients who experienced asthma symptoms and in 9 of the 24 who were asymptomatic (p=NS).

We conclude that non-specific bronchial hyperreactivity is not the only factor that influences diurnal PFV variation and that bronchial hyperreactivity and variability of obstruction are not equivalent terms. Moreover, determination of response to inhaled methacholine is of little use in predicting the short-term development of the condition in patients with mild asthma.

Key words:
Bronchial hyperreactivity
Asthma
Peak expiratory flow
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
H.A. Boushey, M.J. Holtzman, J.R. Sheller, J.A. Nadel.
Bronchial hyperreactivity.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 121 (1980), pp. 389-413
[2.]
R.R. Rosenthal.
The emerging role of bronchoprovocation.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 64 (1979), pp. 584-588
[3.]
D.W. Cockcroft, D.N. Killiam, J.J.A. Mellon, F.E. Hargreave.
Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine: a method and clinical survey.
Clin Allergy, 7 (1977), pp. 235-243
[4.]
A.J. Woolcock, C.M. Salome, K. Yan.
The shape of the doseresponse curve to histamine in asthmatic and normal subjects.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 130 (1984), pp. 71-75
[5.]
R.H. Moreno, J.C. Hogg, P.D. Paré.
Mechanics of airway narrowing.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 133 (1986), pp. 1.171-1.180
[6.]
A.J. Woolcock.
What is bronchial hyperresponsiveness from the clinical standpoint?.
Airway hyperresponsiveness: is it really important for asthma?, pp. 1-9
[7.]
T.L. Petty.
Naturaleza heterogénea del asma.
Estrategias clínicas en el asma del adulto., pp. 1-9
[8.]
F.E. Hargreave, J. Dolovich.
Nonspecific bronchial responsiveness.
Chest, 82 (1982), pp. 22-23
[9.]
E.F. Juniper, P.A. Frith, F.E. Hargreave.
Airway responsiveness to histamine and methacholine: relationship to mínimum treatment to control symptoms of asthma.
Thorax, 36 (1981), pp. 575-579
[10.]
L.K. Josephs, L. Gregg, M.A. Mullee, S.T. Holgate.
Non speciftc bronchial reactivity and its relationship to the clinical expression of asthma.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 140 (1989), pp. 350-357
[11.]
J.M. Olaguibel Rivera, B.E. García Figueroa, S. Quirce Gancedo, A. Rodríguez Barrera, A.J. Tabar Purroi.
Provocación bronquial con metacolina de acuerdo a un método abreviado y su relación con la expresión clínica del asma.
Rev Esp Alergol Inmunol Clin, 7 (1992), pp. 119-124
[12.]
B.G. Toelle, J.K. Peat, Salome ChM, C.M. Mellis, A.J. Woolcock.
Toward a definition of asthma for epidemiology.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 146 (1992), pp. 633-637
[13.]
P.L.P. Brand, D.S. Postma, H.A.M. Kerstjens, G.H. Koëter, and the Dutch CNSLD Study Group.
Relationship of airway hyperresponsiveness to respiratory symptoms and diurnal peak flow variation in patients with obstructive lung disease.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 143 (1991), pp. 916-921
[14.]
B.G. Higgins, J.R. Britton, S. Chinn, S. Cooper, P.G.J. Burney, A.E. Tattersfield.
Comparison of bronchial reactivity and peak expiratory flow variability measurements for epidemiology studies.
Am Re Respir Dis, 145 (1992), pp. 588-593
[15.]
National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma.
J Allergy Clin Inmunol, 88 (1991), pp. 425-534
[16.]
American Thoracic Society.
Standardization of spirometry-1987 update.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 136 (1987), pp. 1.285-1.298
[17.]
R.O. Crapo, A.H. Morris, R.M. Gardner.
Reference spirometric values using techniques and equipment that meet ATS recommendations.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 123 (1981), pp. 659-664
[18.]
Quanjer PhH..
Standardized lung function testing.
Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir, 19 (1983), pp. 1-95
[19.]
D.W. Cockcroft, D.N. Killiam, J.J.A. Mellon, F.E. Hargreave.
Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine: a method and clinical survey.
Clin Allergy, 7 (1977), pp. 235-243
[20.]
Comité de Pruebas de Provocación Bronquial de la Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica. Pruebas deprovocación bronquial inespecíficas y específicas. Madrid: Edicomplet, 1993.
[21.]
L. Prieto, J. Marín.
Mhetacholine inhalation challenge Practical consequences of using duplicate spirograms after each concentraron.
Ann Allergy, 70 (1993), pp. 487-490
[22.]
D.W. Cockcroft, K.Y. Murdock, J.J. Mink.
Determinaron of histamine PC20 Comparison of linear and logarithmic interpolation.
Chest, 84 (1983), pp. 505-506
[23.]
P.J. Sterk, E.F. Daniel, N. Zamel, F.E. Hargreave.
Limited bronchoconstriction to methacholine using partial flow-volume curves in nonasthmatic subjects.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 132 (1985), pp. 272-277
[24.]
G. Ryan, K.M. Latimer, J. Dolovich, F.E. Hargreave.
Bronchial responsiveness to histamine: relationship to diurnal variation of peak flow rate, improvement after bronchodilator, and airway calibre.
Thorax, 37 (1982), pp. 423-429
[25.]
L. Prieto, J.M. Bertó, M. López San Martín, A. Peris.
Hiperrespuesta bronquial inespecífica Análisis de la relación entre sensibilidad, reactividad y respuesta máxima.
Arch Bronconeumol, 29 (1993), pp. 57-63
[26.]
P.J. Sterk, E.E. Daniel, N. Zamel, F.E. Hargreave.
Limited maximal airway narrowing in nonasthmatic subjects Role of neural control and prostaglandin release.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 132 (1985), pp. 865-870
[27.]
L. Prieto, J.M. Bertó, M. López, A. Peris.
Modifications of PC20 and maximal degree of airway narrowing to methacholine after pollen season in pollen sensitive asthmatic patients.
Clin Exp Allergy, 23 (1993), pp. 172-178
[28.]
J. Britton.
Is hyperreactivity the same as asthma?.
Eur Respir J, 1 (1988), pp. 478-479
[29.]
S.S. Braman, A.A. Barrows, B.A. De Cotiis, G.A. Settipane, W.M. Corrao.
Airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic rhinitis: a risk factor for asthma.
Chest, 91 (1987), pp. 671-674
[30.]
R.J. Townley, U.Y. Ryo, B.M. Kolotkin, B. Kong.
Bronchial sensitivity to methacholine in current and former asthmatic and allergic rhinitis patients and control subjects.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 56 (1975), pp. 429-442
[31.]
L. Prieto, J.M. Bertó, A. Peris, M.D. Hernández.
Características de la respuesta de las vías aéreas a la inhalación de concentraciones altas de metacolina en pacientes con rinitis y PC20 en rango asmático.
Arch Bronconeumol, 29 (1993), pp. 212-219
[32.]
D.A. Eggleston, B.J. Rosenstein, C.M. Stackhouse, N.F. Alexander.
Airway hyperreactivity in cystic fibrosis Clinical correlates and possible effects on the course of the disease.
Chest, 94 (1988), pp. 360-365
[33.]
U.K. Verma, D.W. Cockcroft, J.A. Dosman.
Airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine in chronic obstructive airway disease Chronic bronchitis vs emphysema.
Chest, 94 (1988), pp. 457-461
[34.]
D.W. Cockcroft, B.A. Berscheid, K.Y. Murdock.
Unimodal distribution of bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine in a random human population.
Chest, 83 (1983), pp. 751-754
[35.]
B.G. Higgins, J.R. Britton, S. Chinn, T.S. Jones, D. Jenkinson, P.G.J. Burney, A.E. Tattersfield.
The distribution of peak expiratory flow variability in a population sample.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 140 (1989), pp. 1.368-1.372
[36.]
A.J. Woolcock, K. Yan, C.M. Salome.
Effect of therapy on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in the long-term management of asthma.
Clin Exp Allergy, 18 (1988), pp. 165-178
[37.]
L. Prieto, J.M. Bertó, V. Gutiérrez.
Airway responsiveness to methacholine and risk of asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis Ann Allergy.
Ann Allergy, 72 (1994), pp. 534-539
[38.]
J.L. Malo, J. L’Archevéque, C. Trudeau, C. d’Aquino, A. Cartier.
Should we monitor peak expiratory flow rates or record symptoms with a simple diary in the management of asthma?.
J Allergy Clin Immunol, 91 (1993), pp. 702-709
[39.]
British Thoracic Society.
Guidelines on the management of asthma.
Thorax, 48 (1993), pp. 1-24
[40.]
T.A. Sheldon, G.D. Smith.
Consensus conferences as drug promotion.
Lancet, 341 (1993), pp. 100-102
[41.]
P.J. Barnes.
Poorly perceived asthma.
Thorax, 47 (1992), pp. 408-409
Copyright © 1994. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?