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Vol. 30. Issue 3.
Pages 136-140 (March 1994)
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Vol. 30. Issue 3.
Pages 136-140 (March 1994)
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Neumonía en pacientes alcohólicos: características clínicas y etiológicas
Pneumonía in alcoholic patients: Clinical signs and etiology
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J.L. Llorente1, R. Zalacaín, N. Talayero, J.M.a Antoñana, V. Sobradillo
Servicio de Neumología. Hospital de Cruces. Vizcaya
L. Gaztelurrutia*
* Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital de Cruces. Vizcaya
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Durante 2 años, se han estudiado 24 pacientes consecutivos alcohólicos con neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, con el fin de conocer sus características clínicas y etiológicas. Junto a las determinaciones sanguíneas estándar, a todos se les realizaron hemocultivos, determinaciones serológicas y una técnica invasiva, la punción transtorácica con aguja ultrafina 25 G (20 pacientes) o el catéter telescopado con cepillo bacteriológico (4 pacientes). En los casos en que fue posible obtener una muestra de esputo de calidad (5 pacientes) se realizó cultivo. La edad media de los pacientes fue 48 años; el 83% mostraron un cuadro clínico agudo (≤ 7 días de sintomatología) con características «típicas». La afectación radiológica fue de tipo alveolar en el 100% y presentó cavitación el 29%. Se alcanzó un diagnóstico etiológico en 17/24 (71%) casos, siendo los gérmenes más frecuentemente hallados Staphylococcus pneumoniae (25%), anaerobios (20%) y Coxiella burnetii (12,5%). La rentabilidad de las técnicas invasivas fue mayor (54%) que el hemocultivo (17%) y cultivo de esputo (4%), siendo bien toleradas y sin complicaciones. El tratamiento antibiótico empírico fue modificado en 12/24 (50%) casos. Un 17% precisó ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. La mortalidad global fue del 12,5%.

Twenty-four alcoholic patients with community-acquired pneumonia were studied for 2 years in order to define clinical signs and etiology. Blood cultures and serological profiles were done for all patients in addition to standard blood analyses. All had an invasive procedure -transthoracic puncture with and ultrafine 25G needle (20 patients) or telescopic catheter with bacteriologic brush (4 patients). When we were unable to obtain a good sputum sample (5 patients), a culture was grown. The patients’ mean age was 48 and 83% had an acute clinical profile (≤ 7 days with symptoms) with «typical» signs. The X-rays showed an alveolar pattern in all patients, with cavitation in 29%. Etiological diagnosis was reached in 17 (71%) cases, with St. Pneumoniae (25%), anaerobio microorganisms (20%) and C. burnetii (12.5%) being the germs found most frequently. The invasive techniques were more useful (54%) than the blood cultures (17%) or sputum cultures (4%), and they were well tolerated and uncomplicated. Empirical antibiotic treatment was modified for 12 patients (50%). Seventeen percent required intensive care treatment and mortality was 12.5%.

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Copyright © 1994. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
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