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Vol. 37. Issue 10.
Pages 429-434 (October 2001)
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Vol. 37. Issue 10.
Pages 429-434 (October 2001)
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Factores de riesgo asociados con asma bronquial en pacientes con rinitis
Risk factors for bronchial asthma in patients with rhinitis
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M.T. Elías Hernándeza,
Corresponding author
med009981@nacom.es

Correspondencia: Avda. Las Pajanosas, 50. 41210 Guillena. Sevilla
, R. Sánchez Gila, A. Cayuela Domínguezb, F.J. Álvarez Gutiérreza, J.A. Romero Contrerasa, A. García Fernándeza, A. Vellisco Garcíac
a Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (C.E. Fleming)
b Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica
c Psicólogo clínico. Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Sevilla
J. Castillo Gómez
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Objetivos

Identificar, en una amplia muestra de pacientes con rinitis, aquellos factores asociados con asma bronquial

Pacientes Y Métodos

Se incluyó en el estudio a 1.760 pa-cientes diagnosticados de rinitis en nuestras Consultas Ex-ternas de Neumología del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío de Sevilla, en un período de 2 años (1997–1998). Seis-cientos cuarenta y uno (36,4%) tenían rinitis aislada y 1.119 (63,6%) rinitis y asma bronquial. En ambos grupos se anali-zaron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, diagnóstico clíni-co, edad de comienzo de los síntomas, antecedentes familia-res de asma y/o atopia, condiciones de la vivienda, hábito tabáquico, antecedentes alérgicos dermatológicos, episodios de infecciones respiratorias con sibilancias recurrentes du-rante la primera infancia, diagnóstico de poliposis nasosinu-sal, atopia y tipo de sensibilización (pólenes y/o alergenos domésticos), y porcentaje de eosinófilos en sangre periférica

Resultados

Las mejores variables predictoras para dife-renciar el grupo con rinitis del grupo con rinitis y asma fueron la edad, los antecedentes familiares de asma y/o atopia, la ex-posición a humedad/moho en su vivienda habitual, los antece-dentes alérgicos dermatológicos, los episodios de infecciones respiratorias con sibilancias recurrentes en la primera infan-cia, la atopia, la sensibilización a alergenos domésticos y el porcentaje de eosinófilos en sangre periférica. La probabilidad de clasificar correctamente a los pacientes en cada grupo si-guiendo este modelo fue del 69,7%. Entre los atópicos, las me-jores variables predictoras fueron las mismas, exceptuando la exposición a humedad/moho en la vivienda. La probabilidad de clasificación correcta siguiendo este modelo fue del 69,7%

Conclusiones

En los pacientes riníticos existe una serie de factores de riesgo que van asociados con asma bronquial. Es necesario identificar el mayor número posible de ellos para poder hacer un seguimiento a largo plazo y poner en práctica medidas estratégicas de prevención en aquellos pacientes que presenten más probabilidad de desarrollar asma bronquial

Palabras clave:
Rinitis
Asma
Factores de riesgo
Atopia
Objectives

To identify risk factors for bronchial asthma in a large sample of patients with rhinitis

Patients And Methods

One thousand seven hundred sixty patients with rhinitis treated at the respiratory medici-ne out-patient service of Hospital Universitario Virgen de Rocío in Seville (Spain) in 1997 and 1998 were studied. Six hundred forty-one (36.4%) had isolated rhinitis and 1,119 (63.6%) had rhinitis and bronchial asthma. The following variables were analyzed for both groups: 1) age, 2) sex, 3) clinical diagnosis, 4) age of onset of symptoms, 5) a family history of asthma and/or atopy, 6) housing conditions, 7) smoking, 8) a history of skin allergy, 9) recurrent episodes of respiratory infection with wheezing during early childho-od, 10) a diagnosis of nasosinus polyposis, 11) atopy and sen-sitivity (pollens and/or household allergens), 12) peripheral blood eosinophil count

Results

The variables that best differentiated the group with rhinitis from the group with both rhinitis and asthma were age, family history of asthma and/or atopy, exposure to household humidity or damp, a history of skin allergy, recu-rrent episodes of respiratory infection with wheezing in early childhood, atopy, sensitivity to household allergens and peripheral blood eosinophil count. The probability of correctly classifying patients in the appropriate group using this model was 69.7%. Among atopic patients, the best pre-dictive variables were the same, with the exception of house-hold humidity/damp. The probability of correct classifica-tion using this model was 69.7%

Conclusions

Patients with rhinitis have risk factors for bronchial asthma. As many such patients as possible should be identified so that long-term follow-up can take place and strategies to prevent bronchial asthma can be implemented

Keywords:
Rhinitis
Asthma
Risk factors
Atopy
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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