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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 68-72 (February 2000)
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Vol. 36. Issue 2.
Pages 68-72 (February 2000)
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Carcinoma broncogénico no anaplásico de células pequeñas. El nuevo estadio I
Small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. The new stage I
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J. Padilla
Corresponding author
jpadilla@comv.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Avda. de Campanar, 21. 46009 Valencia.
, J.C. Peñalver, V. Calvo, A. García Zarza, J. Pastor, E. Blasco, F. París
Servicio de Cirugía Torácica. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia
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Objetivo

Validar la normativa actualizada sobre estadificación del carcinoma broncogénico no anaplásico de células pequeñas (CBNACP) con respecto a los pacientes clasificados en el estadio I.

Metodología

Un total de 717 pacientes afectados de un CBNACP fueron resecados en nuestro servicio y clasificados en estadio I según el TNM patológico propuesto recientemente por la SEPAR. La supervivencia fue calculada con el método de Kaplan-Meier y las curvas fueron comparadas mediante el log-rank test. El modelo de Cox de riesgos proporcionales fue utilizado para el análisis multivariante.

Resultados

Ciento cuarenta y dos pacientes fueron incluidos en el estadio IA y 575 el estadio IB. La supervivencia fue significativamente mejor para el estadio IA que para el IB (p=0,0021). En el estadio IA, gozaron de mejor pronóstico los pacientes asintomáticos (p=0,0380) y aquellos con tumores con un diámetro ≤2cm (p=0,0431). En el estadio IB, la estirpe histológica (p=0,0104) y el diámetro tumoral (p=0,0002) condicionaron la supervivencia, destacando 66 pacientes con un diámetro máximo de 3cm y clasificados como T2N0M0 por invasión de la pleura visceral o por afectación proximal a un bronquio lobar a más de 2cm de la carina, con una supervivencia del 82% a los 5 años, no significativamente distinta del estadio IA (p=0,1573). En el análisis multivariante, el diámetro tumoral (p=0,0272) mantuvo significación pronóstica en el estadio IA, así como el diámetro tumoral (p=0,0005), y la estirpe histológica (p=0,0092) en el estadio IB.

Conclusión

La nueva normativa sobre estadificación del CBNACP está más cerca de la realidad pronóstica, ya que el subgrupo de pacientes clasificados en el estadio IA gozan de una supervivencia significativamente mejor que los encuadrados en el estadio IB. Sin embargo, sigue siendo un método deficiente por cuanto no consigue uno de sus objetivos básicos, esto es, la homogeneidad en cuanto al pronóstico de ambos subgrupos, ya que, y dejando al margen otros factores que condicionan la supervivencia, presenta problemas en relación a las variables de extensión tumoral, como el diámetro, la afectación de la pleura visceral o la localización endobronquial.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma broncogénico
Estadio I
Cirugía
Objective

To validate updated guidelines for stage I classification of patients with differentiated small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma.

Methods

Seven hundred seventeen tumors of differentiated small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma were resected in our hospital and given a TNM classification of stage I based on guidelines recently issued by the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Chest Surgery (SEPAR). Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and curves were compared with a log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze multiple variables.

Results

One hundred forty-two cases were classified as stage IA and 575 as stage IB. Survival was significantly longer for stage IA than for stage IB (p=0.0021). The prognosis was significantly better for stage IA patients who were asymptomatic (p=0.0380) or who had tumors ≤2cm in diameter (p=0.0431). In stage IB, histologic grade (p=0.0104) and tumor diameter (p=0.0002) significantly affected survival. A noteworthy finding was the 82% survival at five years in a group of 66 patients with a maximum tumor diameter of 3cm classified as T2N0M0 due to invasion of the visceral pleura or to proximal involvement of a lobar bronchus at a site > 2cm from the carina; that survival rate was not significantly different from survival for stage IA (p=0.1573). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor diameter (p=0.0272) was of prognostic importance in stage IA, while tumor diameter (p=0.0005) and histologic grade (p=0.0092) were relevant in stage IB.

Conclusion

The new staging guidelines for differentiated small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma are nearer to prognostic reality given that survival for stage IA patients is significantly longer than for stage IB patients. However, the method continues to have shortcomings in that it fails to achieve one of its main objectives, namely prognostic homogeneity for each subgroup, as indicated by problems related to variables of tumor extension such as diameter, involvement of the visceral pleura or bronchial location, apart from other factors that affect survival.

Key words:
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Stage I
Surgery
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Copyright © 2000. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
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