Journal Information
Vol. 46. Issue 12.
Pages 621-627 (January 2010)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 46. Issue 12.
Pages 621-627 (January 2010)
Original Article
Full text access
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness to Methacholine in Children Under 4 Years with Recurrent Bronchitis
Hiperrespuesta bronquial a la metacolina en niños menores de 4 años con bronquitis de repetición
Visits
4529
Inés de Mir Messa
Corresponding author
idemir@vhebron.net

Corresponding author.
, Antonio Moreno Galdó, Nicolás Cobos Barroso, Sílvia Gartner, Carlos Martín de Vicente, Sandra Rovira Amigo, Alba Torrent Vernetta, Santos Liñán Cortés
Unidad de Neumología Pediátrica y Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Bibliography
Download PDF
Statistics
Abstract
Objective

To evaluate bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children under 4 years old with recurrent wheezing bronchitis, and to determine if its presence or absence can predict subsequent progression to a transient or persistent wheezing bronchitis phenotype.

Population and methods

A bronchial challenge test was performed with methacholine using a modified tidal volume method without sedation, in a group of patients from 8 to 47 months of age with recurrent wheezing bronchitis and a control group of healthy children. A decrease in oxygen saturation of ≥5% or an increase in respiration rate of >50% [PCwheeze (PCw)] was considered a positive response. The patients were subsequently clinically followed up to assess their progress.

Results

A total of 63 patients and 16 controls were studied (mean age 23.9 compared to 25.2 months). The PCw in 43 (68%) children from the bronchitis group was lower than the control group (≤4 mg/mL), (P<.001). No significant adverse effects were observed on performing the test. After a mean follow-up of 28.5 months, completed in 49 of the patients, no differences were seen between the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness at the beginning of the study and the subsequent progression to transient, infrequent or frequent wheezing (P=.63).

Conclusions

A high percentage of children under 4 years old with wheezing bronchitis had a bronchial hyperresponse. Subsequent progression to transient or persistent wheezing bronchitis phenotype is not associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Keywords:
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness
Methacholine
Auscultatory method for infants
Pre-school
Resumen
Objetivo

Valorar la hiperrespuesta bronquial en niños menores de 4 años con bronquitis sibilantes de repetición, y determinar si su presencia o ausencia permite predecir la evolución posterior hacia un fenotipo de bronquitis sibilantes transitorias o persistentes.

Población y metodos

Se realizó una prueba de broncoprovocación con metacolina utilizando un método modificado de respiración a volumen corriente, sin sedación, a un grupo de pacientes de 8 a 47 meses de edad, con bronquitis sibilantes recurrentes, y a un grupo control de niños sanos. Se valoró como respuesta positiva la presencia de sibilantes, la disminución de la saturación de oxígeno ≥ 5% o el aumento de la frecuencia respiratoria > 50% (PCwheeze [PCw]). Se realizó un seguimiento clínico posterior de los pacientes para valorar su evolución.

Resultados

Se estudiaron 63 pacientes y 16 controles (edad media 23,9 vs. 25,2 meses). La PCw fue inferior a la del grupo control (≤ 4 mg/mL) en 43 niños (68%) del grupo bronquitis (p < 0,001). No se observaron efectos adversos significativos con la realización de la prueba. Tras un seguimiento medio de 28,5 meses, completado en 49 de los pacientes, no se observaron diferencias entre la presencia de hiperrespuesta bronquial al inicio del estudio y la evolución posterior a sibilantes transitorios, infrecuentes y frecuentes (p = 0,63).

Conclusiones

Un porcentaje elevado de niños menores de 4 años afectos de bronquitis sibilantes presentaron hiperrespuesta bronquial. La evolución posterior a un fenotipo de bronquitis sibilantes transitorias o persistentes no se relacionó con la hiperrespuesta bronquial.

Palabras clave:
Hiperrespuesta bronquial
Metacolina
Método de la auscultación lactantes
Preescolares
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
C.E. Kuehni, A. Davis, A.M. Brooke, M. Silverman.
Are all wheezing disorders in very young (Pre-school) children increasing in prevalence?.
Lancet, 357 (2001), pp. 1821-1825
[2.]
S. Pérez Tarazona, J. Alfonso Diego, A. Amat Madramany, L. Chofre Escrihuela, E. Lucas Sáez, R. Bou Monterde.
Incidencia y factores de riesgo de bronquitis sibilantes en los primeros 6 meses de vida en una cohorte de Alzira (Valencia).
An Pediatr, 72 (2010), pp. 19-29
[3.]
Guía Española para el manejo del asma (GEMA).
Arch Bronconeumol, 45 (2009), pp. 2-35
[4.]
S.M. Stick, J. Arnott, D.J. Turner, S. Young, L.I. Landau, P.N. LeSouef.
Bronchial responsiveness and lung function in recurrently wheezy infants.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 144 (1991), pp. 1012-1015
[5.]
J.R. Clarke, M. Silverman, A. Reese.
Comparison of the squeeze technique and transcutaneous oxygen tension for measuring the response to bronchial challenge in normal and wheezy infants.
Pediatr Pulmonol, 15 (1993), pp. 244-250
[6.]
L.M. Guirau, D. Sole, C.K. Naspitz.
Bronchoprovocation with methacholine in children under two years old: a follow-up study.
J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol, 7 (1997), pp. 110-114
[7.]
R. Saga, H. Mochizuki, K. Tokuyama, A. Morikawa.
Relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and development of asthma in wheezy infants.
Chest, 119 (2001), pp. 685-690
[8.]
S.W. Turner, S. Young, J. Goldblatt, L.I. Landau, P.N. Le Souëf.
Childhood asthma and increased airway responsiveness: a relationship that begins in infancy.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 179 (2009), pp. 98-104
[9.]
C. Delacourt, M.R. Benoist, S. Waernessyckle, P. Rufin, J.J. Brouard, J. De Blic, et al.
Relationship between bronchial responsiveness and clinical evolution in infants who wheeze: a four-year prospective study.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164 (2001), pp. 1382-1386
[10.]
B. Klug, H. Bisgaard.
Assessment of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in preschool children: methodological issues.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 7 (1996), pp. 25-27
[11.]
Beydon N (on behalf of ATS/ERS Working Group on Infant and Young Children Pulmonary Function Testing). Assessment of bronchial responsiveness in preschool children. Paediatric Respiratory Rev. 2006;7:23-5.
[12.]
H. Mochizuki, Y. Ohki, Y. Nako, A. Morikawa.
Bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine in infants with asthma and age-matched controls.
J Asthma, 36 (1999), pp. 503-509
[13.]
C. Springer, S. Godfrey, E. Picard, K. Uwyyed, M. Rotschild, S. Hananya, et al.
Efficacy and safety of methacholine bronchial challenge performed by auscultation in young asthmatic children.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 162 (2000), pp. 857-860
[14.]
M.C. De Frutos, E. González Perez-Yarza, R.A. Aldasoro, J.I. Emparanza Knorr, B.M. Callen, A.J. Mintegui.
Medida de la respuesta bronquial a la metacolina en niños asmáticos mediante la auscultación traqueal.
An Esp Pediatr, 56 (2002), pp. 304-309
[15.]
I. De Mir Messa, A. Moreno Galdó, N. Cobos Barroso, S. Liñán Cortés, S. Gartner, G. Vizmanos Lamotte.
Estudio de la hiperrespuesta bronquial a la metacolina mediante la auscultación traqueal en niños sanos menores de 4 años.
Arch Bronconeumol, 43 (2007), pp. 156-160
[16.]
E. Juniper, D.W. Cockcroft, F. Hargreave.
Histamine and methacholine inhalation tests: tidal breathing method Laboratory Procedure & Standardization.
Astra, (1994), pp. 1-34
[17.]
R.O. Crapo, R. Casaburi, A.L. Coates, P.L. Enright, J.L. Hankinson, C.G. Irvin, et al.
Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 161 (2000), pp. 309-329
[18.]
N. Novinski, L. Cohen, C. Springer, A. Avital, S. Godfrey.
Bronchial provocation determined by breath sounds compared with lung function.
Arch Dis Child, 66 (1991), pp. 952-955
[19.]
F.D. Martínez, A.L. Wright, L.M. Taussig, C.J. Holberg, M. Halonen, W.J. Morgan.
Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. The Group Health Medical Associates.
N Engl J Med, 332 (1995), pp. 133-138
[20.]
I. Carvajal Urueña, C. Díaz Vázquez, A. Cano Garcinuño, A. García Merino, J.J. Morell Bernabé, J.M. Pascual Pérez, Grupo de Estudio Aplicaciones de Phadiatop infant en la Alergia Infantil, et al.
Perfil de sensibilización alérgica en niños de 0 a 5 años con sibilancias o dermatitis atópica.
An Pediatr, 72 (2010), pp. 30-41
[21.]
R.S. Tepper.
Airway reactivity in infants: a positive response to methacholine and metaproterenol.
J Appl Physiol, 62 (1987), pp. 1155-1159
[22.]
P.N. Le Souef, G.C. Geelhoed, D.J. Turner, L.I. Landau.
Response of normal infants to inhaled histamine.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 139 (1989), pp. 62-66
[23.]
G.L. Montgomery, R.S. Tepper.
Changes in airway reactivity with age in normal infants and young children.
Am Rev Respir Dis, 142 (1990), pp. 1372-1376
[24.]
S. Godfrey, K. Uwyyed, C. Springer, A. Avital.
Is clinical wheezing reliable as the endpoint for bronchial challenges in preschool children?.
Pediatr Pulmonol, 37 (2004), pp. 193-200
[25.]
N.M. Wilson, S. Phagoo, P.D. Bridge, M. Silverman.
The measurement of methacholine responsiveness in 5 year old children: 3 methods compared.
Eur Respir J, 8 (1996), pp. 364-370
[26.]
A. Sprikkelman, M. Grol, M. Lourens, J. Guerritsen, H. Heymans, W. Van Aald.
Use of tracheal auscultation for the assessment of bronchial responsiveness in asthmatic children.
Thorax, 51 (1996), pp. 317-319
[27.]
S. Yong, C. Smith, R. Wach, M. Kurian, R. Primhak.
Methacholine challenge in Pre-school children: methacholine-induced wheeze versus transcutaneous oximetry.
Eur Respir J, 14 (1999), pp. 1175-1178
[28.]
S. Godfrey.
The use of bronchial challenge to diagnose asthma in pre-school children.
Prim Care Respir, 18 (2009), pp. 10-14
[29.]
L. Bentur, R. Beck, N. Elias, A. Barak, O. Efrati, Y. Yahav, et al.
Methacholine bronchial provocation measured by spirometry versus wheeze detection in pre-school children.
BMC Pediatr, 5 (2005), pp. 19
Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica
Archivos de Bronconeumología
Article options
Tools

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?